Table 2 Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes in pre-clinical models of joint-associated musculoskeletal diseases
Diseases | Cell source | Administration route | Model | Main results (ref) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
OA | BM | – | In vitro (Chondrocyte) | Enhancement of the proliferation and suppression of the apoptosis of chondrocytes by targeting the lncRNA-KLF3-AS1/miR-206/GIT1 signaling pathway [81] |
RA | BM | Intravenous | DBA/1 mice | Down-regulation of the inflammation by suppression of T lymphocyte proliferation [206] |
OA | IPFP | Intra-articular | C57BL/6 J mice | Supporting the articular cartilage and alleviation of the gait dysfunctions by down-regulation of the mTOR [141] |
RA | BM | Intraperitoneal | DBA/1 mice | Attenuation of the joint deterioration by suppression of the synoviocyte hyperplasia and angiogenesis by exosomes derived from miR-150 overexpressing MSCs [207] |
OA | BM | Intra-articular | Mice | Reducing diseases severity by targeting the miR-124/NF-kB and miR-143/ROCK1/TLR9 axis [208] |
OA | BM | Intravenous | C57B/L10 mice | Improving the chondrogenesis and inhibition of the cartilage destruction through targeting WNT5A by exosomes derived from miR-92a-3p-overexpressing MSCs [209] |
RA | iPSCs SM | Intra-articular | C57B/L10 mice | The iPSCs-MSC-derived exosomes has a better therapeutic effect than the SM-MSC-derived exosomes [210] |
OA | BM | Intra-articular | C57BL/6 mice | Eliciting the chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities [99] |
OA | ESC | Intra-articular | C57BL/6 J mice | Reducing diseases severity by normalizing the synthesis and destruction of cartilage ECM [135] |
RA | BM | – | In vitro (FLS) | Suppression of the growth and motility of FLS and eliciting their apoptosis [211] |
RA | BM | Intra-articular | Rat | Amelioration of the joint damage and restoration of the trabecular bone volume fraction, trabecular number as well as connectivity density [212] |
OA | BM AT | Intra-articular | BALB/c mice | BM-MSCs-derived exosomes are a better therapeutic option than AT-MSCs-derived exosomes [213] |
RA | Gingival | Intravenous | DBA/1Â J mice | Reducing IL-17A and increasing IL-10 levels in cartilage tissue in association with a drop in occurrences and bone erosion of arthritis [214] |
RA | BM | – | In vitro (FLS) | Down-regulation of the FLS activation through targeting the miR-143-3p/TNFAIP3/NF-κB pathway [215] |
RA | BM | Intravenous | C57BL/6 male mice | Inhibition of the diseases progress by exosomal miR-320a transfer [216] |
RA | BM | Intra-articular | SD rat | Improving the exosomes chondroprotective effect by kartogenin priming [217] |
OA | BM | Intra-articular | SD rat | Reducing diseases severity through inhibiting syndecan-1 by exosomal miR-9-5p [218] |
RA | BM | Intra-articular | Lewis rats | Inhibition of the proliferation, migration, and inflammatory response prompted by FLS by exosomal circFBXW7 [219] |
OA | BM | Intra-articular | SD rat | Increasing the cartilage repair and chondrocyte proliferation by exosomal KLF3-AS1 [20] |
OA | BM | Intra-articular | C57BL/6 mice | Eliciting the chondrocyte migration in vitro and attenuating the cartilage degeneration in vivo by exosomal miR-136-5p [220] |
OA | BM | – | Wistar rats | Reducing diseases severity by targeting PTGS2 [221] |