Table 1 Basic characteristics of the study were included
Study | Year | Region | Disease | Sample(n) | Sex (male/female) | Age (\(\overline{x }\)±s, years) | Intervention | Grade (risk of bias) | Included outcomes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HFNC | NIV | HFNC | NIV | HFNC | NIV | HFNC | NIV | ||||||
Hernández et al | 2016 | France | High-risk patients | 290 | 314 | 186/104 | 202/112 | 64.6 ± 15.4 | 64.4 ± 15.8 | 37℃, 10L/min, 5L/min was increased until the patient felt unwell | IPAP and EPAP were adjusted to target a Rr of 25/ min and adequate gas exchange | A | (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) |
Hu et al | 2018 | China | AECOPD | 60 | 60 | 34/26 | 30/30 | NA | NA | 37℃, 40L/min, keep SpO2 > 92% | IPAP 10–12 cm H2O, EPAP 4–6 cmH2O | B | (1)(4)(5)(7) |
Jiang et al | 2019 | China | AECOPD | 18 | 17 | 13/5 | 11/6 | 75.0 ± 5.1 | 71.0 ± 6.5 | 50L/min, keep SpO2 > 92% | 5–8cmH2O EPAP, keep SpO2 > 92% | B | (1)(3)(4)(5)(7) |
Jing et al | 2019 | China | COPD | 22 | 20 | NA | NA | 77.4 ± 6.8 | 73.9 ± 6.9 | 37℃, keep SpO2 88%–92% | IPAP 10–12 cmH2O, EPAP 4–5cmH2O | A | (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7) |
Liu et al | 2019 | China | COPD | 44 | 43 | 24/20 | 22/21 | 64.1 ± 10.5 | 65.1 ± 9.7 | 20–40 L/min | IPAP 4 cmH2O, 5–10 min increased 2 cmH2O, keep 8–20cmH2O, EPAP 4–6cmH2O | B | (1)(2)(5)(7) |
Shang et al | 2021 | China | APACHEII > 12 | 24 | 24 | 12/12 | 13/11 | 66.92 ± 4.58 | 67.7 ± 6.89 | 37℃, 40L/min, keep SpO2 > 90% | 10–12cmH2O IPAP, 4–6cmH2O EPAP | B | (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(7) |
Tan et al | 2020 | China | COPD | 44 | 42 | 27/17 | 24/19 | 68.4 ± 9.3 | 71.4 ± 7.8 | 37℃, 50L/min, keep SpO2 88%–92% | 8cmH2O IPAP, 4cmH2O EPAP | A | (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7) |
Tongyoo et al | 2021 | Thai-land |  > 65 | 60 | 58 | NA | NA |  > 65 |  > 65 | 37℃, 30L/min, 10 min increased 5L/min until 50L/min | 8cmH2O IPAP, 5cmH2O EPAP, IPAP increased 2cmH2O per 10 min | A | (1) |
Wang et al | 2021 | China | SAP with ARDS | 30 | 30 | 25/5 | 24/6 | 43 ± 7 | 41 ± 7 | 37℃, 40–50L/min, keep SpO2 > 95% | IPAP 5–12cmH2O, EPAP 0–5cmH2O | B | (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7) |
Xu et al | 2021 | China | COPD | 50 | 50 | 32/18 | 30/20 | 69.2 ± 6.13 | 68.3 ± 5.22 | 37℃, FiO2 30%–50%, 50 L/min, keep SpO2 88%–92% | EPAP 4–5mmH2O, IPAP 10–12mmH2O, keep SpO2 88%-92% | B | (1)(4) |
Yang et al | 2015 | China | Post- cardiac surgery | 20 | 20 | 14/6 | 13/2 | 53.8 ± 8.9 | 52.9 ± 7.8 | 37℃, 45 L/min | IPAP 10–12cmH2O, EPAP 4–6 cmH2O | B | (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7) |
Yu et al | 2019 | China | COPD | 36 | 36 | 24/12 | 21/15 | 62.4 ± 10.1 | 63.5 ± 11.2 | 37℃, 30–60 L/min, FiO2 30%–80% | IPAP 10–14 cmH2O, EPAP 4–6 cmH2O | B | (1)(2)(4)(5)(6)(7) |
Zhang et al | 2018 | China | COPD | 21 | 24 | 18/3 | 20/4 | 64.5 ± 5.3 | 66.1 ± 6.6 | 37℃, 40L/min, when SpO2 = 92%, change 30L/min | IPAP 5–15 cmH2O, EPAP 0–5cmH2O | B | (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) |