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Table 1 Characteristics of IRCU patients with low and high N-Alb-P excretion in fasting urine (A), absence or presence of renal stones in situ (B), and of all patients (C)

From: Idiopathic Recurrent Calcium Urolithiasis (IRCU): variation of fasting urinary protein is a window to pathophysiology or simple consequence of renal stones in situ? A tripartite study in male patients providing insight into oxidative metabolism as possible driving force towards alteration of urine composition, calcium salt crystallization and stone formation*

  

A. N-Alb-P; median

Low

4.3 mg

High

High vs. Low

B. Stones

Absent

Present

C. All

Present vs. Absent

Mean

Range

Normal1

 

N +

≤Median

>Median

p

  

p

   

Urine

          

Total protein; mg

187

3.3 (0.2); 94

13 (2); 93++

< 0.001x

6.2 (0.5); 94++

9.7 (2.1); 93++

0.24x

7.93

0.8-161

< 50

N-Alb-P; mg

187

1.7 (0.4); 94++

11 (1.9); 93

< 0.001x

5.1 (0.4); 94

7.3 (2.1); 93

0.19x

6.19

0-161

< 7.0

Cr*-Clearance; ml/min

187

108 (2); 94

115 (3); 93

0.03

112 (3); 94

111 (2); 93

0.44

111

41-187

> 50

103 × FE-N-Alb-P; %

187

0.90 (0.0); 94

3.4 (0.5); 93

< 0.001

1.8 (0.0); 94

2.7 (0.0); 93

0.13x

2.2

0.08-45

 

Volume; ml

187

161 (11); 94

290 (17); 93

< 0.001

229 (15); 94

221 (16); 93

0.25x

225

60-720

50-600

Na; mM

187

10 (0.4); 94

15 (0.8); 93

< 0.001

13 (0.6); 94

12 (0.7); 93

0.43

12.5

2-47

< 20

K; mM

187

6.7 (0.2); 94

9.0 (0.3); 93

< 0.001

7.8 (0.3); 94

7.9 (0.3); 93

0.41

7.8

1.8-17

2-8

Ca; μM

187

298 (19); 93

334 (16); 94

0.07x

307 (17); 94

325 (18); 93

0.23x

316

29-1261

< 625

Mg; μM

187

231 (10); 94

277 (10); 93

0.002

257 (10); 93

250 (12); 94

0.34

253

48-776

> 280

Pi; mM

187

1.15 (0.06); 94

1.23 (0.07); 93

0.22x

1.19 (0.06); 94

1.19 (0.07); 93

0.47x

1.19

0.10-3.9

< 3

Ox; μM

179

22 (1.4); 88

23 (2.1); 91

0.34

23 (1); 89

24 (2); 90

0.32

22

1.3-193

< 37

Cit; μM

185

253 (13); 93

311 (14); 92

0.001

290 (14); 93

272 (13); 92

0.16

279

44-732

> 132

pH

187

5.92 (0.09); 94

6.35 (0.07); 93

< 0.001

5.95 (0.08); 94

6.33 (0.07); 93

< 0.001

6.14

4.4-7.6

5.2-7.9

General features

          

Age; y

187

42 (1.2); 94

41 (1.2); 93

0.25

41 (1.2); 94

42 (1.2); 93

0.29

41.6

21-67

> 22

ASFP; score

187

35 (4); 94

40 (4); 93

0.18 x

34 (4); 94

41 (4); 93

0.08x

36

1-271

1

Renal stones; Absent/Present

187

47/47; 94

46/47; 93

 

94/0

0/93

    

Systolic blood pressure; mmHg

152

126 (2); 78

132 (3); 74

0.004

129 (2); 75

129 (3); 77

0.44

129

90-220

≤130

Diastolic blood pressure; mmHg

152

82 (1); 78

86 (2); 74

0.03

83 (1); 75

84 (2); 77

0.32

84

60-150

≤80

BMI; kg/(m)2

187

26.4 (0.3); 94

26.2 (0.4); 93

0.39

26.2 (0.3); 94

26.5 (0.4); 94

0.25

26.3

19-40

≤25

P**-Insulin; μU/ml

184

17 (1); 92

16 (1); 92

0.26

16 (1); 91

17 (1); 93

0.36

16

1-83

< 20

P-K; mM/l

106

4.2 (0.03); 62

4.2 (0.05);44

0.46

4.2 (0.04); 49

4.2 (0.04); 57

0.43

4.2

3.6-5.1

3.8-5.0

U**-Hypoxanthine; μM

75

9.9 (0.8); 29

13 (0.7); 46

< 0.001x

11.5 (0.8); 39

12.7 (0.8); 36

0.08x

12.1

2.8-25

< 30

U-Xanthine; μM

75

4.0 (0.4); 29

7.8 (0.5); 46

< 0.001x

6.4 (0.6); 39

6.3 (0.5); 36

0.45x

6.3

1.2-17

> 3

U-Uric acid; μM

187

357 (16); 94

433 (14); 93

< 0.001

403 (12); 94

386 (18); 93

0.21x

395

44-1351

< 400

U-FE-Uric acid; %

186

7.4 (0.3); 94

8.8 (0.4); 92

< 0.001

8.3 (0.3); 94

7.8 (0.4); 92

0.16

8.1

0.7-24

< 11

P-Uric acid; μM/l

187

374 (7); 94

342 (7); 93

< 0.001

353 (7); 94

363 (7); 93

0.17

358

160-631

< 446

P-TAS; mM/l

57

1.37 (0.02); 21

1.31 (0.01); 36

0.007

1.34 (0.02); 30

1.32 (0.02); 27

0.20

1.33

1.18-1.49

1.29-1.61

U-MDA; nM

176

116 (5); 89

148 (7); 87

< 0.001

135 (6); 88

129 (6); 88

0.24

132

25-345

< 110

U-MDA/P-Uric acid; nM/mM × l -1

176

316 (14); 89

486 (22); 87

< 0.001x

373 (20); 88

397 (20); 88

0.19x

385

74-1051

< 375

  1. All excretions ratesare per 2 h. If not otherwise indicated, data are mean values (SE). For further informations see text.
  2. +: total number of patients; ++: number of patients in subgroups; *: creatinine; **: U and P indicate urine and plasma, respectively; x: based on log10; nd: not determined; 1: limits or range observed in 10 - 20 healthy adult male subjects in the authors' laboratory, and from literature.