Idiopathic Recurrent Calcium Urolithiasis (IRCU): variation of fasting urinary protein is a window to pathophysiology or simple consequence of renal stones in situ? A tripartite study in male patients providing insight into oxidative metabolism as possible driving force towards alteration of urine composition, calcium salt crystallization and stone formation*

Schwille, PO; Schmiedl, A; Wipplinger, J

doi:10.1186/2047-783X-14-9-378

Table 2 Characteristics of IRCU patients with either low or high pH in fasting urine, and of all patients

From: Idiopathic Recurrent Calcium Urolithiasis (IRCU): variation of fasting urinary protein is a window to pathophysiology or simple consequence of renal stones in situ? A tripartite study in male patients providing insight into oxidative metabolism as possible driving force towards alteration of urine composition, calcium salt crystallization and stone formation*

		pH; median 6.14
		Low	High	High vs. Low	All
	N	≤Median	> Median	p	Mean	Range
General features
ASFP; score	187	40 (5); 93	35 (3); 94	0.49^x	a	b
Renal stones; Absent/Present	187	57/36	37/57	0.03^xx
BMI; kg/(m)²	187	27.0 (0.4); 93	25.6 (0.3); 94	0.001	a	b
P*-Insulin; μU/ml	184	20 (1); 90	13 (1); 94	< 0.001	a	b
Systolic blood pressure; mm Hg	152	130 (3); 74	128 (2); 78	0.24	a	b
Diastolic blood pressure; mm Hg	152	84 (2); 74	83 (1); 78	0.29	a	b
U*-Hypoxanthine; μM	75	11 (0.9); 40	13 (0.6); 35	0.03^x	a	b
U-Xanthine; μM	75	5.2 (0.5); 40	7.7 (0.5); 35	< 0.001^x	a	b
P-Uric acid; μM/l	187	374 (7), 93	342 (7); 94	0.001	a	b
P-TAS; mM/l	57	1.35 (0.02); 29	1.32 (0.02); 28	0.14	a	b
P-Oxalate; μM	61	1.72 (0.09); 32	1.71 (0.08); 29	0.46	1.9	1.1-3.8
U-MDA; nM	176	124 (5); 89	140 (7); 87	0.03	a	b
B*-pH	185	7.40 (0.00); 91	7.41 (0.00); 94	0.02	7.40¹	7.35-7.49
B-Bicarbonate; mM/l	185	23.2 (0.2); 91	23.7 (0.2); 94	0.07	23.5²	18-31
U-MDA/P-Uric acid; nM/mM × l^-1	176	345 (17); 90	426 (22); 86	0.002	a	b
Urine
pH	187	5.46 (0.04); 93	6.81 (0.04); 94	< 0.001	a	b
Volume; ml	187	194 (14); 93	256 (17); 94	0.003	a	b
Cr**-Clearance; ml/min	187	127 (4); 93	119 (3); 94	0.08	a	b
N-Alb-P; mg/l	181	32 (5); 89	34 (5); 92	0.24^x	33	2-435
103 × FE-N-Alb-P; %	187	1.9 (0.3); 91	2.5 (0.5); 96	0.002^x	a	b
FE-Uric acid; %	186	7.7 (0.3); 92	8.5 (0.4); 94	0.07	a	b
FE-Oxalate; %	61	108 (8); 32	120 (9); 29	0.16	113	40-245
Na; mM/l	187	77 (4); 93	66 (4); 94	0.03	72	13-201
Ca; mM/l	187	2.1 (0.2); 93	1.9 (0.2); 94	0.18^x	2.0	0.2-11
Pi; mM/l	187	8.6 (0.7); 93	7.7 (0.8); 94	0.20^x	8.2	0.4-66
Ox; μM/l	179	144 (10); 87	110 (8); 92	0.003^x	130	3-470
Uric acid; mM/l	187	2.7 (0.1); 93	2.2 (0.1); 94	0.005	2.4	0.39-6.1
Uric acid; DG	187	5.26 (0.16); 85	4.45 (0.17); 87	< 0.001	0.82	8.13
Ca/Pi; mM/mM	187	0.39 (0.04); 93	0.40 (0.06); 94	0.49	0.40	0.05-3.7
Total Mg; mM/l	187	1.75 (0.13); 93	1.38 (0.08); 94	0.005	1.6	0.21-4.58
Complexed Mg; mM/l	172	0.83 (0.06); 85	0.71 (0.06); 87	0.08	0.77	0.1-2.8
F-Mg; mM/l	172	0.95 (0.06); 85	0.70 (0.05); 87	0.001	0.82	0.1-2.8
Total Cit; mM/l	185	1.93 (0.13); 93	1.61 (0.13); 92	0.03^x	1.8	0.18-5.9
Complexed Cit; mM/l	172	1.63 (0.12); 85	1.33 (0.11); 87	0.03	1.5	0.2-5.2
F-Cit; mM/l	172	0.29 (0.03); 85	0.31 (0.03); 87	0.31	0.30	0.02-1.5
CaOx; DG	172	1.0 (0.11); 85	0.78 (0.13); 87	0.06	0.91	-2.7-3.5
HAP; DG	172	1.9 (0.32); 85	3.7 (0.28); 87	< 0.001	2.8	-4.6-8.6

Excretion rates are per 2 h. N: number of participating patients; for the number of patients in strata, data for a and b and other information, see Table 1 and text.
*: P, U and B indicate plasma, urine and blood, respectively; **: creatinine; ^x: based on log₁₀; ^xx:Chi² 9.0 (3 degrees of freedom); ^{1, 2}: limits of normalcy in the authors' laboratory are ≥7.35, ≥18, respectively.

Back to article page

ISSN: 2047-783X

Contact us

Submission enquiries: jacinth.kennady@springernature.com
General enquiries: info@biomedcentral.com

European Journal of Medical Research

Contact us