Cognitive impairment in patients with a schizoaffective disorder: a comparison with bipolar patients in euthymia

Table 2 Neuropsychological testing results (estimated means)

Test dimension	Bipolar patients (n = 32)		Schizoaffective patients (n = 28)		MANCOVA/ANCOVA#
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	F	df	P	d
Attention and psychomotor speed					6.94	4; 44	< 0.01
d2 speed (GZ)	454.60	106.56	494.81	102.24	1.12	1; 47	0.30	0.39
d2 accurateness (F%)	14.36	8.32	30.50	17.52	12.37	1; 47	< 0.01	1.18
d2 concentration (KL)	149.57	58.66	140.95	63.08	0.16	1; 47	0.70	0.14
TMT-A (sec.)	42.61	22.71	64.21	42.88	2.91	1; 47	0.09**	0.63
Declarative memory					7.27	7; 41	< 0.01
digit span forward	9.35	1.8	8.12	2.35	2.83	1; 47	0.10	0.59
digit span backward	6.21	2.36	5.65	2.04	0.50	1; 47	0.48	0.25
block span forward	8.50	2.04	9.99	2.02	3.96	1; 47	0.05	0.73
block span backward	7.16	2.19	5.68	2.41	4.06	1; 47	0.05	0.64
VLMT total, trial 1-5	44.43	15.66	34.15	11.75	4.48	1; 47	0.04	0.74
VLMT short delay	2.54	2.57	-0.65	1.46	14.28	1; 47	< 0.01	1.53
VLMT long delay	2.80	2.82	2.29	2.96	0.21	1; 47	0.65	0.18
Cognitive flexibility
TMT-B (sec.)	106.78	50.52	139.29	82.79	1.63	1; 43	0.21*	0.47
Neutral/emotive memory					0.01	2; 46	0.99
emotional memory	9.39	3.53	9.52	3.06	0.01	1; 47	0.92	0.04
neutral memory	6.72	3.37	6.87	3.04	0.02	1; 47	0.90	0.05

ANCOVA = Analysis of Covariance; MANCOVA = Multivariate Analysis of Covariance; df = degrees of freedom; TMT = Trail Making Test; VLMT = Verbal Learning Memory Test; ^# with IQ, years since having a psychiatric diagnosis, Young Mania Rating Scale scores, and current medication (antipsychotics; antidepressant & mood stabilizer) as covariates; *without years since having a psychiatric diagnosis as covariate significant at P < 0.05; **without YMRS scores or years since having a psychiatric diagnosis as covariates significant at P < 0.05.

ISSN: 2047-783X