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Table 1 Baseline of clinical and demographic characteristics among groups according to exacerbation frequency

From: Predictors of exacerbation frequency in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Parameters

Group 1 (n = 116)

Group 2A (n = 64)

Group 2B (n = 47)

Total (n = 227)

Age (mean ± SD, yrs)

71.78 ± 6.36

71.02 ± 7.24

72.19 ± 7.30

71.65 ± 6.80

Male, %

73.3

67.2

66.0

70.0

Height (mean ± SD, cm)

169.6 ± 2.32

171.2 ± 3.19

170.7 ± 2.56

170.9 ± 3.03

Weight (mean ± SD, kg)

67.06 ± 4.10

67.60 ± 3.78

71.20 ± 3.98

68.90 ± 2.75

BMI (mean ± SD, kg/m2)

23.58 ± 3.31

23.05 ± 4.30

24.42 ± 3.68

23.60 ± 3.70

Current smoker, %

56.0

57.8

66.0

58.6

Numbers of preceding year exacerbationa

0 (0 to 1.0)

0.5 (0 to 2.0)

1.0 (0 to 2.0)

0 (0 to 1.0)

GOLD grade

   

-

GOLD 1, %

4.3

6.3

0

4.0-

GOLD 2, %

16.4

9.4

8.5

12.8-

GOLD 3, %

45.7

45.3

57.4

48.0-

GOLD 4, %

33.6

39.1

34.0

35.2-

FEV1 (mean ± SD, L)b

0.81 ± 0.36

0.75 ± 0.33

0.66 ± 0.29

0.76 ± 0.34-

FEV1 (mean ± SD, % predicted)

38.76 ± 16.90

37.61 ± 17.08

34.49 ± 11.91

37.55 ± 16.07-

FVC, (mean ± SD, L)c

1.50 ± 0.54

1.42 ± 0.49

1.27 ± 0.53

1.43 ± 0.53-

pH (mean ± SD)

7.40 ± 0.04

7.40 ± 0.04

7.40 ± 0.04

7.40 ± 0.04-

PaCO2 (mean ± SD, mmHg)d

48.03 ± 9.97

51.35 ± 10.45

49.78 ± 12.04

49.33- ± 10.61

PaO2 (mean ± SD, mmHg)

67.42 ± 11.67

67.10 ± 14.30

65.56 ± 13.01

66.94 ± 12.70-

Cor pulmonale, %e

34.5

54.7

63.8

46.3-

Comorbidity, %f

70.7

75.0

89.4

75.8-

Cardiovascular disease, % (n)

62.9 (73)

79.7 (51)

74.5 (35)

70.0 (159) -

Cerebrovascular disease, % (n)

28.4 (33)

23.4 (15)

36.2 (17)

28.6 (65) -

Diabetes mellitus, % (n)

14.7 (17)

14.1 (9)

12.8 (6)

14.1 (32) -

Neoplasms, % (n)

7.8 (9)

7.8 (5)

10.6 (5)

8.4 (19) -

Osteoporosis, % (n)

2.6 (3)

3.1 (2)

4.3 (2)

3.1 (7) -

Arrhythmia, % (n)

2.6 (3)

1.6 (1)

4.3 (2)

2.6 (7) -

Total comorbidity

1 (0 to 3.0)

1 (0 to 4.0)

1 (0 to 3.6)

1 (1.0-2.0) -

Charlson index (mean ± SD)g

5.30 ± 1.77

5.33 ± 1.94

5.62 ± 1.53

5.37 ± 1.77-

Medicine at home, %

29.3

40.6

31.9

33.0-

LTOT at home, %

6.9

15.6

10.6

10.1-

HMV, %

1.7

4.7

2.1

2.6-

NPPV in hospitalization, %*h

16.4

35.9

51.1

29.1-

  1. BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; HMV, home mechanical ventilation; LTOT, long-term oxygen treatment; NPPV, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation; PaCO2, arterial carbon dioxide tension; PaO2, arterial oxygen tension.
  2. a:Pgroup 1-group 2B and Pgroup 1-group 2A < 0.001;
  3. b:Pgroup 1-group 2B = 0.012;
  4. c:Pgroup 1-group 2B = 0.013;
  5. d:Pgroup 1-group 2B = 0.044;
  6. e:Pgroup 1-group 2A = 0.008; and Pgroup 1-group2B = 0.001;
  7. f:Pgroup 1-group 2B = 0.011;
  8. g:Pgroup 1-group2B = 0.014;
  9. h:Pgroup 1-group 2A = 0.003; and Pgroup 1-group 2B < 0.001.
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European Journal of Medical Research

ISSN: 2047-783X

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