Association of a variant in the regulatory region of NADPH oxidase 4 gene and metabolic syndrome in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Table 1 Clinical and biochemical variables according to the grade of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C

	F1	F2	F3	F4	P value
N	52	53	37	36
Age^*	53 ± 13	56 ± 9	60 ± 8	59 ± 11	0.05
Gender: M/F (%)	44/56	57/43	38/62	53/47	0.29
HCV genotype 1 (%)	57.7	56.6	78.4	75	0.18
HCV genotype 2 (%)	7.7	3.8	2.7	5.6
HCV genotype 3 (%)	34.6	39.6	18.9	18.4
Alcohol consumption (%)	58/27/15	49/32/19	67/19/14	61/11/28	0.38
Tabagism (%)	33/8/59	47/11/41	38/8/54	31/8/61	0.58
Type 2 diabetes (%)	15	26	16	19	0.49
Hypertension (%)	31	41	56	42	0.14
Metabolic syndrome (%)	12	26	39	28	0.03
Hepatocarcinoma (%)	0	0	0	31	<0.001
^*BMI (kg/m²)	26.49 ± 3.93	26.17 ± 3.68	26.76 ± 5.43	26.67 ± 4.40	0.94
Waist circumference (cm)	91.29 ± 11.53	92.07 ± 9.14	94.32 ± 13.18	95.78 ± 11.45	0.28
TC (mg/dL)^*	169 ± 34	169 ± 36	174 ± 55	151 ± 33	0.12
LDL (mg/dL)^*	101 ± 33	100 ± 37	107 ± 50	82 ± 23	0.08
HDL (mg/dL)	52 ± 15	47 ± 16	47 ± 19	49 ± 20	0.23
Triglycerides (mg/dL)^*	91 ± 31	139 ± 145	115 ± 50	90 ± 30	0.34
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)^*	96 ± 36	101 ± 32	101 ± 33	102 ± 25	0.36
ALT (U/L)	70 ± 36	96 ± 59	86 ± 57	84 ± 54	0.22
AST (U/L)	49 ± 25	71 ± 52a	84 ± 49a	101 ± 74a,b	<0.0001
GGT (U/L)	67 ± 50	98 ± 108	122 ± 86a	150 ± 123a,b	<0.0001
ALP (U/L) ^*	78 ± 60	95 ± 65	92 ± 48	139 ± 80a,b,c	<0.0001

Results are expressed as mean ± SD. For the continuous variables analysis, Shapiro-Wilk W test was tested, and variable failing in this test was log transformed. If even so the normality was not verified, nonparametric tests were applied for these variables (indicated by ^*). ANOVA analysis or Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed, and the Tukey-Kramer HSD or Dunn test was used when significant differences were observed between the groups, being F1 (a), F2 (b), and F3 (c). Classes for ethnicity: Caucasoid, Negroid, and African descendant. Classes for alcohol: no drinking, <40 g/d, >40 g/d. Classes for smoke: ex-smoker, smoker, never-smoker. Abbreviations: GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; TC, total cholesterol; BMI, body mass index. Reference range: Glycemia ≤100 mg/dL; Triglycerides ≤150 mg/dL; HDL ≥40 mg/dL; LDL-C ≤130 mg/dL; TC ≤200 mg/dL; AST: Male 10 to 34 U/L, Female 10 to 36 U/L; ALT: Male 10 to 44 U/L, Female 10 to 36 U/L; GGT: Male 11 to 50 U/L, Female 7 to 32 U/L; ALP: Male 40 to 129 U/L, Female 35 to 104 U/L. P < 0.05 was considered significant (italicized data).

ISSN: 2047-783X