Fig. 4
From: Beneficial reward-to-risk action of glucosamine during pathogenesis of osteoarthritis
Effect of glucosamine on autophagy in human normal chondrocytes. Normal human chondrocytes were treated with 50 mM glucosamine and the RNA levels of a pro-apoptotic genes and b autophagy-related genes were analyzed by qRT-PCR and expressed as a heat-map and value of relative quantity (RQ). c Normal human chondrocytes were treated with 10, 50, or 100 mM glucosamine in the absence or presence of MG132 and the dose-dependent change in protein levels of beclin and LC3B was detected by immunoblotting. GAPDH was used as a loading control. d Normal human chondrocytes were treated with 50 mM glucosamine and pexophagy was examined by introducing an mRFP-EGFR-SKL construct. Results shown are representative of at least four independent experiments. *P < 0.05 versus control (untreated)