Fig. 6
From: Beneficial reward-to-risk action of glucosamine during pathogenesis of osteoarthritis
Effect of short time exposure vs. long time exposure of glucosamine. Normal human chondrocytes were cultured as monolayer or pellet and treated with 1, 3, or 10 mM glucosamine for 9 days. Cell morphology of monolayer culture was detected by phase-contrast microscopy and pellet cultures were stained with Alcian blue at day 9 (upper panel). The expression levels of cartilage matrix genes such as COMP, ACAN and apoptotic genes such as CASP1, 3, 9, FAS were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Results shown are representative of at least four independent experiments. *P < 0.05 versus control (untreated)