Table 1 Baseline characteristics of all treatment groups

Age (years)^a

34 (22–55)^a

33 (19–53)^a

38 (21–50)^a

39 (22–57)^a

Gender (M/F)^a

34/4^a

37/24^a

12/6^a

9/3^a

AIS^a

2 (2–3)^a

2 (2–3)^a

4 (3–5)^a

3 (2–4)^a

ISS^a

25 (20–33)

29 (21–34)^b

29 (24–41)^a

37 (28–47)^b

GCS^a

14 (9–15)^a

14 (6–15)^a

15 (13–15)^a

14 (5–15)^a

SBP (mmHg)^a

129 (120–140)^c

126 (113–141)^b

110 (84–120)^c

90 (77–120)^b

HR (bpm)^a

83 (68–94)^a

90 (80–110)^a,b

92 (75–111)^d

100 (100–125)^b,d

Serum Hb (mmol/L)^a

8.7 (7.8–9.1)^c

8.0 (7.4–8.9)^b

7.3 (6.5–8.4)^c,d

6.2 (4.7–7.3)^b,d