Association between infection with Campylobacter species, poor oral health and environmental risk factors on esophageal cancer: a hospital-based case–control study in Thailand

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the esophageal cancer cases and controls

Characteristics	Cases		Controls		p value
Characteristics	N = 105		N = 105		p value
Gender
Female	42	(40.0%)	56	(53.3%)	0.053^a
Male	63	(60.0%)	49	(46.7%)	0.053^a
Age (mean ± SD)	59.5 ± 8.7		56.7 ± 13.2		0.012^b
Drinking status
Non-drinker	33	(31.4%)	64	(61.0%)	< 0.001^a
Drinker	72	(68.6%)	41	(39.0%)	< 0.001^a
Smoking status
Non-smoker	45	(48.2%)	72	(68.6%)	< 0.001^a
Smoker	60	(51.8%)	33	(31.4%)	< 0.001^a
Body mass index; BMI (kg/m²) (mean ± SD)	24.1 ± 3.62	23.4 ± 3.46			0.490^b
< 23.00	49	(46.7%)	54	(51.4%)
≥ 23.00	56	(53.3%)	51	(48.6%)
Marital status					0.964^a
Single	9	(8.6%)	9	(8.6%)
Married	88	(83.8%)	89	(84.8%)
Separated	8	(7.6%)	7	(6.7%)
Family history of cancer in first-degree relatives
No	27	(25.7%)	60	(57.1%)	< 0.001^a
Yes	78	(74.3%)	45	(42.9%)	< 0.001^a
Personal history of gastroesophageal reflux disease
No	25	(23.8%)	65	(61.9%)	< 0.001^a
Yes	80	(76.2%)	40	(38.1%)	< 0.001^a
Poor oral hygiene
No	33	(31.4%)	55	(52.4%)	0.002^a
Yes	72	(68.6%)	50	(47.6%)	0.002^a
Campylobacter genus infection
Negative	44	(41.9%)	80	(76.2%)	< 0.001^a
Positive	61	(58.1%)	25	(23.8%)	< 0.001^a

^ap value differences between cases and controls were detected using the Chi-squared test
^bp value differences between cases and controls were detected using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test

ISSN: 2047-783X