Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the cohort
From: Factors associated to neurocognitive impairment in older adults living with HIV
Overall | Negative screening | Positive screening | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | 40 | 26 (65) | 14 (35) | – |
Age | 0.472 | |||
Median age (IQR) | 70 (68–75) | 71 [67.5–77.3] | 70 [68.5–75] | |
< 70 years (n, %) | 17 (42.5) | 6 (42.86) | 11 (42.31) | |
70–80 years (n, %) | 19 (47.5) | 6 (42.86) | 13 (50) | |
> 80 years (n, %) | 4 (10) | 2 (14.29) | 2 (7.69) | |
Gender | 0.178 | |||
Men (n, %) | 34 (85) | 14 (100) | 20 (76.92) | |
Women (n, %) | 4 (10) | 0 | 4 (15.38) | |
Transsexual (n, %) | 2 (5) | 0 | 2 (7.68) | |
Schooling | 0.002 | |||
Elementary school (n, %) | 24 (60) | 3 (21.43) | 21 (80) | |
High school/professional (n, %) | 8 (20) | 5 (35.72) | 3 (12) | |
University (n, %) | 8 (20) | 6 (42.86) | 2 (8) | |
Home | 0.471 | |||
Alone (n, %) | 16 (40) | 6 (42.86) | 10 (38.46) | |
Partnered (n, %) | 17 (42.5) | 7 (50) | 10 (38.46) | |
Sharing room (n, %) | 7 (17.5) | 1 (7.14) | 6 (23.08) | |
Toxic habits | 0.534 | |||
Smoking (n, %) | 9 (22.5) | 3 (21.43) | 6 (23.08) | |
Ex-smoking (n, %) | 16 (40) | 6 (42.86) | 10 (34.46) | |
Alcohol (n, %) | 18 (45) | 6 (42.86) | 12 (46.15) | |
Recreation drugs (n, %) | 6 (15) | 3 (21.43) | 3 (11.54) | |
Comorbidities | ||||
Hyper blood pressure (n, %) | 20 (50) | 8 (40) | 12 (60) | 0.507 |
Dyslipidemia (n, %) | 24 (60) | 10 (41.67) | 14 (15.6) | 0.279 |
Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 7 (17.5) | 0 | 7 (26.92) | 0.033 |
Chronic kidney disease (n, %) | 3 (7.5) | 2 (66.67) | 1 (33.33) | 0.232 |
Stroke (n, %) | 3 (7.5) | 2 (14.29) | 1 (3.85) | 0.232 |
Overweight (BMI 25–30) (n, %) | 19 (47.5) | 7/50) | 12 (46.15) | 0.816 |
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) (n, %) | 10 (25) | 3 (27.27) | 8 (72.73) | 0.528 |
Liver cirrhosis (n, %) | 1 (2.5) | 1 (7.14) | 0 | 0.168 |
Vitamin D deficiency (n, %) | 15 (37.5) | 5 (35.71) | 10 (38.46) | 0.864 |
Osteoporosis (n, %) | 2 (5) | 0 | 2 (7.69) | 0.287 |
Pulmonary disease (n, %) | 5 (12.5) | 0 | 5 (19.23) | 0.079 |
Cancer active (n, %) | 2 (22.22) | 1 (25) | 1 (20) | 0.858 |
Cancer cured (n, %) | 7 (77.78) | 3 (75) | 4 (80) | 0.858 |
Neurocognitive impairment (n, %) | 1 (2.70) | 0 | 1 (4.17) | 0.456 |
Co-infections | 0.634 | |||
Toxoplasma (n, %) | 1 (2.5) | 0 | 1 (3.85) | |
Atypical mycobacteria (n, %) | 1 (2.5) | 0 | 1 (3.85) | |
Varicella-zoster virus (n, %) | 2 (5) | 2 (14.29) | 0 | |
Herpesvirus (n, %) | 2 (5) | 1 (7.14) | 1 (3.85) | |
Hepatitis C virus (SVR) (n, %) | 4 (100) | 1 (100) | 3 (100) | |
Hepatitis B virus (n, %) | ||||
Active | 1 (12.5) | 0 | 1 (14.29) | |
Controlled | 4 (50) | 1 (100) | 3 (42.86) | |
Past | 3 (37.5) | 0 | 3 (42.86) | |
Invasive CMV (n, %) | 1 (2.5) | 0 | 1 (3.85) | |
Kaposi’s sarcoma (n, %) | 2 (5) | 1 | 1 | |
Tuberculosis (n, %) | 5 (12.5) | 1 (7.14) | 4 (15.38) | |
HIV data | ||||
CD4+ T-cell count nadir (IQR) | 352 [163–520] | 526.5 [352–603] | 334 [150–400] | 0.01 |
CD4/CD8 at diagnosis (IQR) | 0.34 [0.27–0.59] | 0.5 [0.29–0.65] | 0.32 [0.19–0.48] | 0.18 |
CD8+ count at diagnosis (IQR) | 770 [661–1197.5] | 1027.5 [800–1198] | 731 [526–1197] | 0.160 |
Zenit viral load (IQR) | 33,765 [8900–90434] | 55,048.5 [6050–174354] | 33,000 [11000–84248] | 0.632 |
Time since diagnosis (years) (IQR) | 22 [14–27.5] | 23.5 [15–29] | 21.5 [13–27] | 0.560 |
Time under ART (years) (IQR) | 19 [9–22.5] | 19.5 [8–24] | 19 [10–22] | 0.638 |
Time undetectable (months) (IQR) | 163 [60–228] | 79 [71–207] | 171.5 [60–228] | 0.601 |
Geriatric evaluation | ||||
Barthel index (IQR) | 100 [100–100] | 100 [100–100] | 100 [100–100] | 0.768 |
Lawton and Brody index (IQR) | 8 [8–8] | 8 [7, 8] | 8 [8–8] | 0.479 |
Charlson comorbidity index (n, %) | 0.031 | |||
No comorbidity (0) | 25 (62.5) | 12 (85.71) | 13 (50) | |
Medium–low (1–2) | 10 (25) | 1 (7.14) | 9 (34.62) | |
High (> 3) | 5 (12.5) | 1 (7.14) | 4 (15.38) | |
MNA screening (IQR) | 14 [12–14] | 14 [12.5–14] | 13 [12–14] | 0.188 |
Sensory impairment (n, %) | 17 (45.95) | 6 (46.15) | 11 (45.83] | 0.985 |
Sleep disorder (n, %) | 4 (10.81) | 2 (15.38) | 2 (8.33) | 0.510 |
Polypharmacy (n, %) | 24 (64.86) | 10 (76.92) | 14 (58.33) | 0.258 |
Urine incontinence (n, %) | 4 (10.81) | 1 (7.69) | 3 (12.5) | 0.653 |
Fecal incontinence (n, %) | 2 (5.41) | 0 | 2 (8.33) | 0.285 |
Constipation (n, %) | 3 (8.11) | 1 (7.69) | 2 (8.33) | 0.946 |
Falls (n, %) | 5 (13.51) | 4 (30.77) | 1 (4.17) | 0.024 |
Depressive syndrome (n, %) | 4 (10.81) | 2 (15.38) | 2 (8.33) | 0.510 |
Clinical frailty scale (IQR) | 2 [2–2] | 2 [1, 2] | 2 [2–2.5] | 0.241 |
SPPB total (IQR) | 10 [9–11] | 9 [8–10] | 11 [9–11] | 0.400 |
VACS index points (IQR) | 35 [33–43] | 33 [33–37] | 43 [33–49] | 0.029 |
Neurological evaluation | ||||
MOCA test (IQR) | 22.37 [20–26.5] | 27 [26–28] | 20 [18–22] | 0.000 |
Blood test | ||||
Total cholesterol (IQR) | 165.5 [144–188.5] | 177 [150–189] | 164.5 [142–186] | 0.954 |
LDL cholesterol (IQR) | 105.5 [90.5–117] | 100 [78–110] | 106 [95–118] | 0.410 |
HDL cholesterol (IQR) | 44.2 [34.55–55.2] | 45.7 [37.7–55] | 43.4 [32.8–55.4] | 0.798 |
Triglycerides (IQR) | 133.5 [96.5–183] | 128 [82–188] | 138 [98–169] | 0.887 |
CD4+ T-cell count (IQR) | 636.5 [477–783.5] | 758 [547–958] | 584.5 [459–721] | 0.088 |
CD8+ T-cell count (IQR) | 798 [579–1058.5] | 968 [795–1128] | 721 [561–999] | 0.083 |
CD4/CD8 (IQR) | 0.76 [0.59–1.05] | 0.76 [0.58–1.03] | 0.77 [0.6–1.09] | 0.186 |
Undetectable (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | – |