Fig. 7

Effect of furosemide (F) and tadalafil (T) in their conventional, nanoparticle (N) forms and their combinations (o) on the levels of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in rats kidney tissue in adenine (A)-induced chronic renal failure. Data are the means ± SEM (n = 6). ****p < 0.0001 as compared to the chronic group. ^ap < 0.0001 as compared with the control group. ^bp < 0.05 as compared with corresponding nanoparticle group (unpaired t test). ^cp < 0.05 as compared with corresponding nanoparticle group (unpaired t test). ^dp < 0.05 as compared with corresponding nanoparticle group (unpaired t test)