Table 4 Role and mechanism of TXNDC5 in RA

UP

–

Increase the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-17

Promote cell invasion, migration and survival

[46]

UP

–

Induce the secretion of VEGF, IL-6, and IL-8

Promote inflammation and angiogenesis

[48]

UP

PI3K/AKT; RAS/MAPK

Inhibit the expression of IGFBP1

Affect cell proliferation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis

[49]

UP

co-acting with HSC70

Regulate NF-κB signalling

Regulate inflammatory response

[50]

UP

–

Regulate the expression of MMP-3

Enhance cartilage destruction and the migration of RASFs

[51]