Fig. 1
From: Exosome-mediated effects and applications in inflammatory diseases of the digestive system
Composition and sources of exosomes. Exosomes are mainly composed of lipids, nucleic acids and proteins. Its outer membrane is a lipid bilayer structure and contains specific biological substances, mainly including tetraspanins, lipid-related proteins, and membrane transporters. Exosomes are widely sourced and present in most cells and body fluids (such as immune cells, mesenchymal stem cells, reticulocytes, nerve cells, urine, saliva and blood)