Exosome-mediated effects and applications in inflammatory diseases of the digestive system

Table 1 Exosomal components play different roles in inflammatory diseases of the digestive system

Source	Exosomal composition	Disease	Result	The role of components in exosomes	References
Rat serum	Serum exosomal miR-29a-3p	Reflux esophagitis	Increased expression	A specific marker for the diagnosis of chronic RE	[40]
Tongue-exfoliated cells	Exosomal miR-203 in tongue exfoliated cells	Gastroesophageal reflux disease	Decreased expression	A marker for the diagnosis of GERD	[41]
HP-infected Macrophages	miR-155 in exosomes of HP-infected macrophages	Chronic gastritis caused by HP infection	Increased expression	Regulate inflammation	[43]
Serum of patients with CAG	hsa-miR-122-5p in serum exosomes	Chronic atrophic gastritis	Increased expression	Potential biomarkers for diagnosis of CAG	[47]
Saliva of IBD mice	salivary exosome PSMA7	Inflammatory bowel disease	Increased expression	Important protein biomarkers for the diagnosis of IBD	[61]
Hepatocytes	Exosomal miR-21	Chronic hepatitis B	Decreased expression of IL-12	Participate in virus escape	[71]
HepAD38 cells	Proteins in exosomes: HSP60 and cell adhesion molecules	Hepatitis B	Regulation of signalling pathways	Regulate the immune response	[76]
BMSCs	BMSC-derived exosomal miR-223	Autoimmune hepatitis	Inhibit the expression of proinflammatory factors	Treatment	[99]
MSCs	Klotho	Acute pancreatitis	Inhibit NF-κB signalling	Inhibit inflammation	[109]

ISSN: 2047-783X