Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with DLBP

Age, years

48.3 ± 10.1 (range 26–62)

Male

Spinal levels

 L4/5

29 (64.4)

 L5/S1

16 (35.6)

 Operation time, min

94.7 ± 17.7 (65–125)

VAS score

 Pre-operation

6.95 ± 1.02

 1 month after operation

2.64 ± 0.71

 3 months after operation

1.80 ± 0.54

 6 months after operation

1.42 ± 0.50

 12 months after operation

1.27 ± 0.45

ODI

 Pre-operation

72.84 ± 5.95

 1 months after operation

35.1 ± 5.30

 3 months after operation

25.22 ± 4.85

 6 months after operation

16.78 ± 4.63

 12 months after operation

10.91 ± 2.36

Treatment effect

 Excellent

24 (53.3)

 Good

13 (28.9)

 Fair

8 (17.8)