Table 1 Characteristics of 1,266 septic shock patients by quartiles of shock index before the start of vasopressor therapy
From: Evaluation of SI, MSI and DSI for very early (3-day) mortality in patients with septic shock
Covariate | Overall | Quartiles of pre-VPs SI | P for trend a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||
n | 1266 | 316 | 317 | 315 | 318 | |
Pre-VPs SI | 0.96 (0.94, 0.97) b | 0.64 (0.63, 0.65) | 0.84 (0.84, 0.85) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.02) | 1.32 (0.30, 1.34) | |
Patient outcomes | ||||||
3-day mortality, n (%) | 110 (8.7) | 9 (0.7) | 29 (2.3) | 22 (1.7) | 50 (4.0) | < 0.0001 |
Hospital mortality, n (%) | 297 (23.5) | 60 (4.7) | 73 (5.8) | 72 (5.7) | 92 (7.3) | 0.03 |
Hospital LOS (days) | 15.11 (14.1, 16.11) | 14.89 (12.26, 17.52) | 12.98 (11.51, 14.45) | 16.42 (14.46, 18.38) | 16.14 (14.29, 17.99) | 0.07 |
ICU LOS (days) | 7.42 (6.91, 7.93) | 8.07 (6.98, 9.16) | 6.99 (5.87, 8.10) | 6.92 (6.11, 7.72) | 7.70 (6.65, 8.75) | 0.32 |
Mechanical ventilation-free days | 4.14 (3.82, 4.45) | 4.47 (0.81, 5.12) | 3.97 (3.24, 4.71) | 4.01 (3.55, 4.47) | 4.09 (3.48, 4.71) | 0.68 |
RRT-free days | 6.19 (5.79, 6.59) | 6.59 (5.65, 7.54) | 5.83 (5.07, 6.59) | 6.04 (5.38, 6.71) | 6.30 (5.45, 7.14) | 0.59 |
Patient characteristics | ||||||
Age (years) | 66.05 (65.16, 66.93) | 69.92 (68.25, 71.58) | 67.33 (65.60, 69.07) | 63.69 (61.82, 65.56) | 63.25 (61.52, 64.99) | < 0.0001 |
Male, n (%) | 632 (49.9) | 166 (13.1) | 154 (12.2) | 152 (12.0) | 160 (12.6) | 0.69 |
Weight (kg) | 83.24 (81.84, 84.65) | 83.09 (80.01, 86.17) | 82.93 (80.15, 85.71) | 83.77 (81.01, 86.53) | 83.19 (80.52, 85.86) | 0.98 |
Race, n (%) | 0.77 | |||||
White | 820 (64.8) | 204 (16.1) | 208 (16.4) | 203 (16.0) | 205 (16.2) | |
Asian | 50 (4.0) | 7 (0.6) | 12 (1.0) | 14 (1.1) | 17 (1.3) | |
Black/African American | 109 (8.6) | 29 (2.3) | 23 (1.8) | 27 (2.1) | 30 (2.4) | |
Hispanic/Latino | 37 (2.9) | 6 (0.5) | 6 (0.5) | 12 (1.0) | 13 (1.0) | |
American Indian/Alaska native | 4 (0.3) | 3 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 0 | 0 | |
Other | 246 (19.4) | 67 (5.3) | 67 (5.3) | 59 (4.7) | 53 (4.2) | |
SOFA score day-1 | 8.16 (7.95, 8.37) | 7.10 (6.71, 7.49) | 7.80 (7.38, 8.21) | 8.41 (7.97, 8.85) | 9.39 (8.97, 9.81) | < 0.0001 |
OASIS score | 40.43 (39.85, 41.00) | 37.65 (36.58, 38.72) | 38.64 (37.50, 39.79) | 40.67 (39.52, 41.82) | 44.73 (43.62, 45.84) | < 0.0001 |
LODS score | 8.17 (7.95, 8.40) | 7.28 (6.86, 7.71) | 7.75 (7.32, 8.19) | 8.14 (7.70, 8.58) | 9.51 (9.05, 9.97) | < 0.0001 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 5.22 (5.07, 5.37) | 5.48 (5.20, 5.76) | 5.17 (4.88, 5.45) | 5.01 (4.70, 5.32) | 5.21 (4.90, 5.52) | 0.17 |
Interventions, n (%) | ||||||
RRT use (1st 24 h) | 81 (6.4) | 10 (0.8) | 15 (1.2) | 23 (1.8) | 33 (2.6) | < 0.01 |
Mechanical ventilation use (1st 24 h) | 612 (48.3) | 138 (10.9) | 155 (12.2) | 152 (12.0) | 167 (13.2) | 0.17 |
Vasopressor use (1st 24 h) | 1107 (87.4) | 263 (20.7) | 269 (21.3) | 277 (21.9) | 298 (23.5) | < 0.001 |
Pre-VPs vital signs | ||||||
MAP (mmHg) | 99 (97.86, 100.14) | 82.70 (80.84, 84.55) | 74.94 (73.45, 76.44) | 70.85 (69.49, 72.22) | 64.76 (63.45, 66.06) | < 0.0001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 107.13 (106.08, 108.17) | 123.58 (121.51, 125.65) | 110.61 (108.9, 112.31) | 102.18 (100.77, 103.59) | 92.22 (90.82, 93.62) | < 0.0001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 61.18 (60.35, 62.00) | 67.74 (65.78, 69.70) | 61.67 (60.09, 63.25) | 59.88 (58.44, 61.32) | 55.45 (54.15, 56.75) | < 0.0001 |
HR (bpm) | 73.3 (72.46, 74.14) | 78.55 (77.02, 80.07) | 93.36 (91.86, 94.87) | 103.87 (102.43, 105.31) | 120.12 (118.43, 121.80) | < 0.0001 |
Temperature (°C) | 36.92 (36.86, 36.98) | 36.70 (36.57, 36.82) | 36.85 (36.74, 36.97) | 36.95 (36.85, 37.06) | 37.14 (37.02, 37.26) | < 0.0001 |
Initial lactate level (mmol/L) | 3.40 (3.18, 3.63) | 3.02 (2.55, 3.49) | 3.41 (2.92, 3.90) | 3.14 (2.74, 3.54) | 3.96 (3.53, 4.39) | 0.02 |
Initial arterial PH | 7.31 (7.30, 7.32) | 7.32 (7.31, 7.34) | 7.32 (7.30, 7.34) | 7.29 (7.28, 7.31) | 7.29 (7.27, 7.31) | < 0.01 |
Initial base excess | − 4.49 (− 4.94, − 4.03) | − 2.64 (− 3.46, − 1.83) | − 4.03 (− 5.03, − 3.03) | − 5.35 (− 6.23, − 4.47) | − 5.80 (− 6.67, − 4.92) | < 0.0001 |
ICU care unit, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||||
MICU/SICU | 456 (36.0) | 98 (7.7) | 102 (8.1) | 116 (9.2) | 140 (11.1) | |
MICU | 388 (30.7) | 106 (8.4) | 106 (8.4) | 94 (7.4) | 82 (6.5) | |
TSICU | 157 (12.4) | 28 (2.2) | 40 (3.2) | 40 (3.2) | 49 (3.9) | |
SICU | 152 (12.0) | 35 (2.8) | 40 (3.2) | 40 (3.2) | 37 (2.9) | |
CCU | 61 (4.8) | 22 (1.7) | 16 (1.3) | 16 (1.3) | 7 (0.6) | |
CVICU | 36 (2.8) | 17 (1.3) | 10 (0.8) | 7 (0.6) | 2 (0.2) | |
NSICU | 14 (1.1) | 8 (0.6) | 3 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | |
Neuro intermediate | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Net fluid balance | ||||||
At 24 h | 3793.66 (3569.69, 4017.63) | 2225.7 (1869.73, 2581.67) | 3129.04 (2758.5, 3499.57) | 3984.94 (3552.04, 4417.84) | 5842.11 (5322.67, 6361.56) | < 0.0001 |
Norepinephrine max. dose (µg/kg/min) | 4.82 (4.6, 5.05) | 3.67 (3.26, 4.08) | 4.46 (4.06, 4.87) | 4.93 (4.50, 5.36) | 6.22 (5.73, 6.72) | < 0.0001 |
Fluid input day 1 | 5319.1 (5116.46, 5521.74) | 3931.86 (3598.99, 4264.74) | 4725.87 (4405.14, 5046.60) | 5517.15 (5126.63, 5907.68) | 7092.8 (6614.96, 7570.65) | < 0.0001 |
Urine output | 1569.67 (1494.21, 1645.14) | 1721.16 (1565.28, 1877.04) | 1647.15 (1502.88, 1791.43) | 1550.68 (1413.86, 1687.51) | 1358.96 (1194.26, 1523.66) | 0.01 |
Time from VP treatment to ICU administration (hours) | 14.33 (12.02, 16.65) | 21.19 (14.60, 27.77) | 18.92 (13.14, 24.70) | 10.42 (8.10, 12.75) | 6.82 (5.17, 8.47) | < 0.0001 |
Time from first fluid resuscitation load to ICU administration (hours) | 3.37 (2.83, 3.91) | 6.39 (4.07, 8.70) | 3.50 (2.64, 4.36) | 2.74 (2.07, 3.41) | 1.88 (1.53, 2.22) | < 0.0001 |