Fig. 1

Univariate association of HLA haplotypes with mild/moderate disease (relative risk, OR, log rank (LR)) in females (A) and males (B) and for disease duration (hazard ratio, (Cox)) in females (C) and males (D). Haplotype frequency within the group is plotted on the x-axis and the y-axis shows the significance levels of the OR for moderate disease / HR for disease duration. The size of the spheres indicates the effect size and was calculated as absolute value of the logarithms of OR/HR. Full spheres represent a favorable association with OR or HR, and empty spheres represent an association with a higher RR or HR. The 0.05 significance level is shown as parallel to the x-axis. Alleles/haplotypes which were either significant in females or males for OR (panel A and B) are denoted in both panels. Same applies for HR (panel C and D). *Note that the sphere for the HLA-Class II haplotype DRB_DQA_DQB_15 in panel A is not on scale, since all females homozygous for this haplotype had had a mild course of disease (n = 8)