Table 1 Comparisons of demographic and clinical characteristics among RA patients with different SUA levels

Female, n (%)

893 (79.0)

105 (87.5)

717 (82.0)

71 (52.2)^ab

Age, years

53.2 ± 12.6

52.7 ± 11.5

52.5 ± 12.6

58.3 ± 12.0^a

Disease duration, months

62 (20,121)

57 (21,120)

62 (22,120)

74 (15,141)

Positive RF, n (%)

794 (70.3)

82 (68.3)

611 (69.9)

101 (74.3)

Positive ACPA, n (%)

819 (72.5)

87 (72.5)

634 (72.5)

98 (72.1)

ESR, mm/h

37 (20,70)

43 (23,68)

35 (18,67)

49 (25,85)^a

CRP, mg/L

6.44 (3.23,28.50)

7.75 (3.23,36.45)

5.41 (3.16,25.03)

12.85 (3.30,42.90)^a

CDAI

14 (5 26)

14 (6 27)

13 (5 25)

17 (7 28)

 Active RA, n (%)

930 (82.3)

103 (85.8)

713 (81.6)

114 (83.8)

HAQ-DI

0.38 (0.00,1.13)

0.44 (0.00,1.34)

0.38 (0.00,1.00)

0.75 (0.13,1.63)^a

mTSS

11 (4.34)

10 (3.33)

11 (4.33)

15 (3.45)

Previous medications

 Treatment naïve^△, n (%)

259 (22.9)

11 (9.2)^a

211 (24.1)

37 (27.2)^b

 Glucocorticoid, n (%)

549 (48.6)

73 (60.8)^a

410 (46.9)

66 (48.5)

 Methotrexate, n (%)

642 (56.8)

89 (74.2)^a

487 (55.7)

66 (48.5)^b

 Leflunomide, n (%)

492 (43.5)

91 (75.8)^a

354 (40.5)

47 (34.6)^b

 Hydroxychloroquine, n (%)

227 (20.1)

20 (16.7)

188 (21.5)

19 (14.0)

 Sulfasalazine, n (%)

59 (5.2)

4 (3.3)

48 (5.5)

7 (5.1)

 Cyclosporine A, n (%)

40 (3.5)

1 (0.8)

35 (4.0)

4 (2.9)

 TNF inhibitors, n (%)

29 (2.6)

7 (5.8)

19 (2.2)

3 (2.2)

 Tocilizumab, n (%)

34 (3.0)

4 (3.3)

27 (3.1)

3 (2.2)

 Janus kinase inhibitors, n (%)

36 (3.2)

3 (2.5)

29 (3.3)

4 (2.9)

 Statin, n (%)

95 (8.4)

7 (5.8)

75 (8.6)

13 (9.6)

 Aspirin, n (%)

33 (2.9)

3 (2.5)

25 (2.9)

5 (3.7)

CVD risk factors

 Active smoking, n (%)

190 (16.8)

11 (9.2)

125 (14.3)

54 (39.7)^ab

 BMI, kg/m²

21.9 ± 3.0

21.1 ± 2.7^a

21.9 ± 3.0

22.4 ± 3.2^b

 Hypertension, n (%)

363 (32.1)

39 (32.5)

264 (30.2)

60 (44.1)^a

 T2DM, n (%)

158 (14.0)

18 (15.0)

102 (11.7)

38 (27.9)^ab

 TC, mmol/L

5.04 ± 1.19

5.11 ± 1.05

5.02 ± 1.21

5.12 ± 1.20

 TG, mmol/L

1.19 ± 0.79

0.98 ± 0.44^a

1.16 ± 0.76

1.58 ± 1.09^ab

 LDL-C, mmol/L

3.15 ± 0.85

3.11 ± 0.75

3.13 ± 0.86

3.32 ± 0.87^a

 HDL-C, mmol/L

1.37 ± 0.39

1.50 ± 0.41^a

1.39 ± 0.39

1.19 ± 0.33^ab

 CKD, n (%)

33 (2.9)

0 (0)

14 (1.6)

19 (14.0)^ab

 Serum albumin, g/L

34.3 ± 4.8

33.3 ± 5.2^a

34.8 ± 4.8

33.3 ± 4.6^a

 SUA, mg/dL

4.91 ± 1.72

2.48 ± 0.36^a

4.74 ± 1.05

8.18 ± 1.12^ab