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Table 1 Demographic and diet characteristics of participants

From: Regimen comprising GLP-1 receptor agonist and basal insulin can decrease the effect of food on glycemic variability compared to a pre-mixed insulin regimen

 

Pre-mix insulin regimen (n = 16)

GLP-1 RA added on basal insulin regimen (n = 16)

p

Age (y)

59.8 [50.3, 70.1]

–

–

Sex, male (n,%)

8(50)

–

–

Body weight (kg)

71.5 [61.8, 84.5]

71.5 [61.8, 84.5]

0.500

Height (cm)

164.8 [150.5, 169.8]

–

–

BMI (kg/m2)

27.0 [25.0, 30.9]

–

–

Duration of disease (y)

10 [6, 14.5]

–

–

HbA1c (%, mmol/mol) before CGM

9.5 [8.7, 10.9]

80.3 [71.6, 95.6]

9.4 [8.3, 9.9]

78.7 [67.5, 85.0]

0.099

HbA1c (%, mmol/mol) after CGM

9.4 [8.3, 9.9]

78.7 [67.5, 85.0]

9.0 [7.8, 10.1]

74.9 [61.5, 86.6]

0.767

Difference of HbA1c (%, mmol/mol) before and after CGM

− 0.7 [− 1.4, 0.2]

− 7.7 [− 15.3, 2.2]

0 [− 0.3, 0.3]

0 [− 3.3, 3.0]

0.125

Total daily insulin dose (U)

50.0 [45.3, 55.8]

25.0 [21.0, 33.0]

 < 0.001a

Total daily insulin dose/BW (U/kg)

0.61 [0.52, 0.82]

0.36 [0.27, 0.43]

 < 0.001a

Basal daily insulin dose (U)

35.0 [30.4, 38.9]

25.0 [21.0, 33.0]

0.001a

Bolus daily insulin dose(U)

14.5 [13.1, 16.4]

0.0 [0.0, 0.0]

 < 0.001a

Combined with OAD type

 Metformin (N, %)

9 (56.3)

11(68.8)

0.424

 Sitagliptin (N, %)

4 (25)

0 (0)

0.012a

 Dapagliflozin (N, %)

1 (6.3)

0 (0)

 < 0.001a

 Acarbose (N, %)

2 (12.5)

2 (12.5)

0.004a

 Pioglitazone (N, %)

0 (0)

1 (6.3)

 < 0.001a

 Glimepiride (N, %)

0 (0)

1 (6.3)

 < 0.001a

Nutrient composition (per day)

 CHO (%)

50.5 [46.0, 54.8]

50.5 [42.0, 53.8]

0.605

CHO (g)

158.4 [143.0, 175.6]

143.3 [118.6, 168.3]

0.163

 PRO (%)

14.7 [13.1, 16.0]

15.1 [13.6, 18.0]

0.148

PRO (g)

48.4 [34.4, 60.7]

41.5 [32.2, 58.0]

0.569

 Fat (%)

34.6 [32.1, 38.4]

35.7 [31.6, 40.0]

0.717

Fat (g)

48.9 [36.7, 64.1]

45.3 [30.4, 63.3]

0.289

 Average calories per day (kcal)

1228.0 [1038.6, 1499.5]

1231.0 [879.5, 1412.6]

0.179

 Calories/ body weight (kcal/kg)

16.6 [14.1, 21.3]

17.0 [12.6, 19.9]

0.215

 Carbohydrate (g) / body weight (kg)

2.01 [1.88, 2.56]

2.05 [1.58, 2.39]

0.215

 PRO (g) / body weight (kg)

0.58 [0.53, 0.86]

0.61 [0.55, 0.79]

0.796

 Fat (g) / body weight (kg)

0.68 [0.53, 0.88]

0.65 [0.43, 0.80]

0.469

  1. Age, body weight, height, body mass index, duration of disease, HbA1c before/after CGM, insulin dose, and nutrient composition are presented as the median [Q1, Q3]. Continuous variants were analyzed by Wilcoxon singed-rank test and nominal variants were analyzed by McNemar’s Chi-square test
  2. GLP-1 RA Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist; BMI Body mass index; HbA1c Glycated hemoglobin A1c CGM Continuous glucose monitoring; OAD Oral antidiabetic drug; CHO Carbohydrate; PRO Protein
  3. "a denotes p value < 0.05"
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European Journal of Medical Research

ISSN: 2047-783X

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