Association between heme oxygenase one and sepsis development in patients with moderate-to-critical COVID-19: a single-center, retrospective observational study

Table 1 Comparison of study participant characteristics (n = 156)

Variables	Sepsis (n = 71)	No sepsis (n = 85)	p-value
SARS-CoV-2 CtV	23.11 ± 6.07	23.05 ± 6.47	0.948^c
Age (years)	64.72 ± 13.20	54.66 ± 15.15	< 0.001**^c
Sex			0.022*^a
Female	27 (38.0%)	48 (56.5%)
Male	44 (62.0%)	37 (43.5%)
Body mass index (m/kg²)	26.47 ± 5.60	25.11 ± 3.79	0.073*^c
Vital signs
Body temperature (°C)	37.27 ± 1.14	37.10 ± 1.04	0.332^c
Respiratory rate (/min)	19.65 ± 4.80	18.87 ± 1.44	0.192^c
Heart rate (/min)	91.27 ± 20.14	89.88 ± 16.01	0.633^c
MAP (mmHg)	90.27 ± 14.19	97.32 ± 13.65	0.002*^c
SpO₂ (%)	90.50 ± 10.00	94.35 ± 1.79	0.002*^c
GCS	14.90 ± 0.45	14.99 ± 0.11	0.118^c
CCI	3.13 ± 2.04	2.12 ± 1.65	0.001*^c
Comorbidities
Diabetes	21 (29.6%)	18 (21.2%)	0.228^a
Neurologic diseases	6 (8.5%)	7 (8.2%)	0.961^a
Cardiovascular disease	25 (35.2%)	14 (16.5%)	0.007*^a
Pulmonary disease	9 (12.7%)	3 (3.5%)	0.039*^b
Chronic kidney disease	1 (1.4%)	0 (0%)	0.455^b
Chronic liver disease	2 (2.8%)	5 (5.9%)	0.456^b
Malignancy	2 (2.8%)	1 (1.2%)	0.592^b
Autoimmune disease	1 (1.4%)	0 (0%)	0.455^b
qSOFA	0.41 ± 0.65	0.14 ± 0.35	0.002*^c
Initial CURB-65	1.82 ± 1.07	0.45 ± 0.57	< 0.001**^c

CCI Charlson comorbidity index, CtV cycle threshold value, CURB-65 confusion, blood urea nitrogen, respiration, blood pressure, in patients aged > 65 years, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, MAP mean arterial pressure, SpO₂ saturation from pulse oximeter, qSOFA quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.001
^aA Chi-square test was used for the comparison analysis
^bFisher’s exact test was used for the comparison analysis
^cAn independent t-test was used for continuous variables between the sepsis and no-sepsis groups

ISSN: 2047-783X