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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in groups with and without hypertension

From: Clinical outcomes in COVID-19 among patients with hypertension in the Philippine CORONA Study

Features

All patients

Hypertensive

Non-hypertensive

p-value

(n = 10,881)

(n = 3647)

(n = 7234)

Socio-demographic data

 Age group

   

 < 0.001

 19–59 y, n (%)

7047 (64.8%)

1619 (44.4%)

5428 (75.0%)

 

  ≥ 60 y, n (%)

3834 (35.2%)

2028 (55.6%)

1806 (25.0%)

 

 Female, n (%)

5099 (46.9%)

1591 (43.6%)

3508 (48.5%)

 < 0.001

 Ever-smoker (past/current), n (%)

1026 (9.4%)

570 (15.6%)

456 (6.3%)

 < 0.001

Non-neurologic comorbidities, n (%)

 Diabetes mellitus

2191 (20.1%)

1643 (45.1%)

548 (7.6%)

 < 0.001

 Chronic cardiac diseasea

512 (4.7%)

411 (11.3%)

101 (1.4%)

 < 0.001

 Chronic respiratory diseaseb

616 (5.7%)

314 (8.6%)

302 (4.2%)

 < 0.001

 Chronic kidney disease

611 (5.6%)

474 (13.0%)

137 (1.9%)

 < 0.001

 Chronic liver disease

60 (0.6%)

29 (0.8%)

31 (0.4%)

0.015

 HIV/AIDS

37 (0.3%)

3 (0.1%)

34 (0.5%)

0.001

 Malignancy

244 (2.2%)

113 (3.1%)

131 (1.8%)

 < 0.001

Past neurologic history, n (%)

 Stroke/cerebrovascular

321 (3.0%)

290 (8.0%)

31 (0.4%)

 < 0.001

 Epilepsy

27 (0.3%)

13 (0.4%)

14 (0.2%)

0.107

 Neurodegenerativec

44 (0.4%)

34 (0.9%)

10 (0.1%)

 < 0.001

 Headache syndrome

5 (0.1%)

1 (0.03%)

4 (0.1%)

0.670

 Demyelinating disorder

2 (0.02%)

2 (0.02%)

–

0.112

 Central nervous system (CNS) infection

5 (0.1%)

1 (0.03%)

4 (0.1%)

0.670

 Peripheral nervous system (PNS) disordersd

15 (0.1%)

9 (0.3%)

6 (0.1%)

0.030

Respiratory and constitutional symptoms, n (%)

 Fever

3927 (36.1%)

2034 (55.8%)

1893 (26.2%)

 < 0.001

 Cough

4411 (40.5%)

2317 (63.5%)

2094 (29.0%)

 < 0.001

 Dyspnea

2703 (24.8%)

1534 (42.1%)

1169 (16.2%)

 < 0.001

 Rhinorrhea

607 (5.6%)

231 (6.3%)

376 (5.2%)

0.015

 Sputum production

637 (5.9%)

336 (10.0%)

271 (3.8%)

 < 0.001

 Sore throat

751 (6.9%)

294 (8.1%)

457 (6.3%)

0.001

 Diarrhea

597 (5.5%)

282 (7.7%)

315 (4.4%)

 < 0.001

 Fatigue

713 (6.6%)

382 (10.5%)

331 (4.6%)

 < 0.001

 Others

1674 (15.4%)

601 (16.5%)

1073 (14.8%)

0.025

New-onset neurological symptoms, n (%)

 Headache

607 (5.6%)

220 (6.0%)

387 (5.4%)

0.143

 Nausea or vomiting

158 (1.5%)

86 (2.4%)

72 (1.0%)

 < 0.001

 Seizure

96 (0.9%)

57 (1.6%)

39 (0.5%)

 < 0.001

 Altered mental statee

518 (4.8%)

314 (8.6%)

204 (2.8%)

 < 0.001

 Olfactory or taste dysfunction

663 (6.1%)

250 (6.6%)

413 (5.7%)

0.018

 Dysfunctions of other sensesf

166 (1.5%)

93 (2.6%)

73 (1.0%)

 < 0.001

 Bulbar symptomsg

122 (1.1%)

91 (2.5%)

31 (0.4%)

 < 0.001

 Motor symptoms

246 (2.3%)

174 (4.8%)

72 (1.0%)

 < 0.001

 Sensory symptoms

53 (0.5%)

37 (1.0%)

16 (0.2%)

 < 0.001

 Myalgia

256 (2.4%)

87 (2.4%)

169 (2.3%)

0.873

 Othersh

33 (0.3%)

25 (0.7%)

8 (0.1%)

 < 0.001

New-onset neurological disorders/complications, n (%)

 Encephalopathyi

644 (5.9%)

396 (10.9%)

248 (3.4%)

 < 0.001

 Symptomatic seizure/status epilepticus

125 (1.1%)

75 (2.1%)

50 (0.7%)

 < 0.001

 Stroke/cerebrovasculari

367 (3.3%)

255 (7.0%)

112 (1.6%)

 < 0.001

 CNS infectionk

7 (0.1%)

1 (0.03%)

6 (0.1%)

0.436

 Othersl

14 (0.1%)

5 (0.1%)

9 (0.1%)

1.000

Treatment/s received, n (%)

 Glucocorticoids

2844 (26.1%)

1717 (47.1%)

1127 (15.6%)

 < 0.001

 Tocilizumab

1029 (9.5%)

672 (18.4%)

357 (4.9%)

 < 0.001

 Antiviralm

1902 (17.5%)

1178 (32.3%)

724 (10.0%)

 < 0.001

 Antibacterial

9014 (82.8%)

3339 (91.6%)

5675 (78.5%)

0.001

 Othersn

3905 (35.9%)

1601 (43.9%)

2304 (31.9%)

 < 0.001

  1. aIncludes heart failure, coronary artery disease, prior history of myocardial infarction, and other cardiac conditions
  2. bIncludes bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, restrictive lung disease, and other pulmonary conditions
  3. cIncludes dementia, and movement disorders
  4. dIncludes PNS infection, peripheral nerve disease, neuromuscular junction disorder, and muscle disorder
  5. eIncludes altered sensorium, and confusion
  6. fIncludes visual, hearing, and vestibular dysfunctions
  7. gIncludes facial paresthesia, facial weakness, dysarthria, dysphonia, dysphagia, tongue weakness, and neck weakness
  8. hIncludes tremor, dystonia, choreoathetosis, bradykinesia, ataxia, and meningismus
  9. iIncludes encephalopathy, and anoxic brain injury
  10. jAny acute cerebrovascular disease (CVD) (no need to distinguish between CVD infarction, hemorrhage)
  11. kIncludes encephalitis, meningitis, and meningoencephalitis
  12. lIncludes acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, optic neuritis, sensory ganglionitis, radiculitis, anterior horn syndrome, peripheral neuritis [Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS), other than GBS], neuromuscular disorder, and myositis
  13. mIncludes remdesivir, lopinavir, and ritonavir
  14. nIncludes chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, convalescent plasma, and other therapies
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European Journal of Medical Research

ISSN: 2047-783X

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