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Table 2 Changes in hemodynamic variables

From: Prediction of hypotension during the alveolar recruitment maneuver in spine surgery: a prospective observational study

 

T0

T1

T2

T3

T4

T5

T6

pGroup×Time

MAP (mmHg)

 < 0.001

 Non-hypotension

100 ± 9

88 ± 11

90 ± 9

89 ± 10

100 ± 24

101 ± 24

108 ± 18

 

 Hypotension

105 ± 11

90 ± 11

86 ± 11

79 ± 11*†

68 ± 13*†

58 ± 15*†

74 ± 17*†

 

HR (beats/min)

 < 0.001

 Non-hypotension

76 ± 13

83 ± 12

79 ± 11

79 ± 12

89 ± 18

98 ± 21

95 ± 18

 

 Hypotension

73 ± 12

80 ± 13

76 ± 12

73 ± 11

73 ± 14*

73 ± 16*

80 ± 15*†

 

PVI

0.613

 Non-hypotension

13 [11–22]

16 [6–20]

14 [8–18]

12 [7–16]

11 [7–15]

13 [10–15]

15 [13–17]

 

 Hypotension

15 [11–19]

11 [8–18]

11 [7–17]

10 [7–16]

11 [8–17]

13 [10–18]

16 [13–21]

 

Pi

0.024

 Non-hypotension

1.7 [1.3–2.9]

5.5 [4.5–8.1]

4.9 [3.2–7.3]

5.1 [3.1–7.1]

2.7 [1.6–5.0]

2.5 [1.6–3.4]

3.6 [2.0–4.5]

 

 Hypotension

3.4 [2.3–5.2]*

5.8 [4.1–7.0]

5.3 [3.7–6.7]

5.1 [3.7–6.3]

3.5 [2.1–5.8]

3.3 [2.5–4.4]*

3.6 [2.2–4.9]

 

SVV

0.009

 Non-hypotension

 

9 [7–12]

9 [8–10]

9 [8–11]

10 [8–15]

18 [17–22]

23 [14–24]

 

 Hypotension

 

10 [7–13]

10 [8–13]

11 [8–13]

14 [9–20]

27 [21–33]*†

30 [20–35]*†

 

CI

0.050

 Non-hypotension

 

2.6 [2.1–3.1]

2.8 [2.2–3.3]

2.6 [2.1–3.2]

2.3 [2.0–3.1]

2.1 [1.7–3.1]

2.9 [2.3–3.5]

 

 Hypotension

 

2.6 [2.1–3.3]

2.6 [2.0–3.3]

2.5 [1.9–3.0]

1.8 [1.4–2.5]*†

1.2 [0.6–1.7]*†

2.1 [1.4–2.6]*†

 
  1. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median [interquartile range]
  2. T0 induction of anesthesia; T1 just before ARM T2 initiation of ARM; T3 0.5 min; T4 1 min; T5 1.5 min; T6 2 min after initiation of ARM; MAP mean arterial pressure; HR heart rate; PVI pleth variability index; Pi perfusion index; SVV stroke volume variation; CI cardiac index
  3. pGroup×Time, p-value of the group, and time interaction obtained by linear mixed model analysis
  4. *p < 0.05 compared with the non-hypotension group
  5. p < 0.05 compared with the value of “T0” in each group in MAP, HR, PVI, and Pi
  6. p < 0.05 compared with the value of “T1” in each group in CI, SVV