Table 1 Clinical and physiological characteristics of study population I
Characteristic | Total | COPD without pulmonary hypertension | COPD with pulmonary hypertension | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 937 | 758 | 179 | Â |
Age (year) | 65.00 (58.00–71.00) | 65.00 (58.00–71.00) | 68.00 (61.00–73.00) | 0.000 |
Male (%) | 77.6 | 75.7 | 85.5 | 0.005 |
Body mass index | 23.63 ± 3.92 | 23.69 ± 3.87 | 22.34 ± 3.89 | 0.000 |
Smoking index (pack-year) | 20.00 (0.00–40.00) | 20.00 (0.00–40.00) | 30.00 (9.00–40.00) | 0.029 |
Smoking status | ||||
 Never (%) | 33.3 | 35.8 | 22.9 |  |
 Former (%) | 30.3 | 28.9 | 36.3 |  |
 Current (%) | 36.4 | 35.4 | 40.8 |  |
Comorbidity | ||||
 Hypertension (%) | 28.1 | 27.7 | 29.6 | 0.610 |
 Diabetes (%) | 6.7 | 6.5 | 7.8 | 0.515 |
 Coronary heart disease (%) | 22.1 | 17.8 | 40.2 | 0.000 |
Inhalation therapy | ||||
 SABD (%) | 2.7 | 2.4 | 3.9 | 0.955 |
 ICS/LABA (%) | 28.8 | 29.6 | 25.7 | 0.306 |
 ICS/LABA + LAMA (%) | 29.2 | 29.6 | 27.9 | 0.669 |
 LAMA (%) | 22.9 | 22.0 | 26.8 | 0.092 |
FEV1 (L) | 1.14 (0.81–1.54) | 1.18 (0.86–1.58) | 0.87 (0.69–1.33) | 0.000 |
FEV1 (% predicted) | 45.60 (31.90–62.90) | 48.00 (34.00–65.73) | 34.90 (27.20–53.30) | 0.000 |
FVC (L) | 2.50 (2.00–3.06) | 2.56 (2.03–3.12) | 2.33 (1.90–2.70) | 0.000 |
FVC (% predicted) | 79.13 ± 21.22 | 80.74 ± 21.51 | 72.28 ± 18.53 | 0.000 |
FEV1/FVC (%) | 46.37 (37.58–57.87) | 47.54 (38.80–58.41) | 41.08 (33.90–52.85) | 0.000 |
VA (L) | 4.91 ± 1.06 | 4.95 ± 1.07 | 4.79 ± 1.02 | 0.070 |
VA (% predicted) | 86.55 ± 14.53 | 87.42 ± 14.31 | 82.85 ± 14.95 | 0.000 |
DLCO (mmol/min/kPa) | 5.81 ± 2.36 | 6.14 ± 2.32 | 4.42 ± 2.00 | 0.000 |
DLCO (% predicted) | 73.45 ± 27.80 | 77.25 ± 26.66 | 57.39 ± 26.87 | 0.000 |
FVC/DLCO (l/mmol/min/kPa) | 0.44 (0.35–0.56) | 0.42 (0.34–0.53) | 0.51 (0.41–0.76) | 0.000 |
FVC%/DLCO% | 1.06 (0.87–1.38) | 1.03 (0.84–1.30) | 1.26 (0.99–1.82) | 0.000 |
LVEF (%) | 67.00 (63.00–71.50) | 67.00 (63.00–71.00) | 67.00 (63.00–72.00) | 0.427 |
LVFS (%) | 37.00 (34.00–41.00) | 37.00 (34.00–41.00) | 37.00 (34.00–42.00) | 0.539 |
pH | 7.42 ± 0.03 | 7.43 ± 0.03 | 7.42 ± 0.04 | 0.002 |
PaO2 (mmHg) | 70.80 (63.60–78.00) | 71.60 (65.18–78.53) | 66.50 (58.30–76.00) | 0.000 |
PaCO2 (mmHg) | 38.90 (35.60–42.70) | 38.50 (35.20–42.00) | 40.80 (36.60–47.90) | 0.000 |
PO2(A-a) (mmHg) | 27.10 (19.85–34.30) | 26.90 (20.00–33.70) | 28.00 (19.20–37.30) | 0.246 |
Leukocyte count (× 109/L) | 6.42 (5.11–8.22) | 6.38 (5.12–8.13) | 6.71 (5.02–8.73) | 0.369 |
Neutrophil count (× 109/L) | 4.21 (3.13–5.94) | 4.13 (3.11–5.80) | 4.49 (3.29–6.57) | 0.024 |
Platelet count (× 109/L) | 181.00 (142.00–222.50) | 183.00 (146.75–223.00) | 172.00 (133.00–215.00) | 0.054 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 137.00 (125.00–146.00) | 136.00 (125.00–146.00) | 137.00 (125.00–148.00) | 0.289 |
Albumin (g/L) | 39.48 ± 3.99 | 39.66 ± 3.92 | 38.71 ± 4.19 | 0.004 |
Globulin (g/L) | 24.79 ± 4.42 | 24.86 ± 4.30 | 24.53 ± 4.88 | 0.407 |
ALT (IU/L) | 17.00 (12.00–25.00) | 17.00 (12.00–25.25) | 16.00 (12.00–24.00) | 0.548 |
AST (IU/L) | 19.00 (16.00–25.00) | 19.00 (16.00–24.00) | 20.00 (16.00–26.00) | 0.060 |
DBIL (μmol/L) | 4.41 (3.28–6.00) | 4.40 (3.30–5.90) | 4.70 (3.20–6.30) | 0.261 |
IBIL (μmol/L) | 6.97 (4.89–9.47) | 6.90 (4.87–9.38) | 7.10 (5.00–9.90) | 0.143 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 69.41 (59.33–81.00) | 68.74 (58.80–80.33) | 73.01 (62.00–83.00) | 0.021 |
BUN (mmol/L) | 5.08 (4.10–6.23) | 4.99 (4.09–6.08) | 5.45 (4.26–6.63) | 0.009 |
Cystatin C (mg/L) | 0.99 (0.86–1.13) | 0.97 (0.85–1.11) | 1.02 (0.88–1.20) | 0.003 |
D-dimer (ng/mL) | 360.00 (205.00–625.00) | 340.00 (200.00–610.00) | 430.00 (210.00–710.00) | 0.052 |