Table 4 Univariate and multivariate associations with 5-year all-cause mortality of COPD
Variable | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95%CI) | P-value | HR (95%CI) | P-value | |
Age (per increase of 1-year) | 1.05 (1.02–1.07) | 0.000 | 1.04 (1.01–1.07) | 0.007 |
Sex (female vs male) | 0.69 (0.43–1.10) | 0.121 |  |  |
Body mass index (per increase of 1 point) | 0.88 (0.84–0.92) | 0.000 | 0.93 (0.88–0.98) | 0.011 |
Smoking index (pack-year) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.077 |  |  |
FEV1 (% predicted) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.000 | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.268 |
FVC (% predicted) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 0.000 | 1.00 (0.98–1.02) | 0.712 |
VA (% predicted) | 0.97(0.96–0.99) | 0.000 | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | 0.518 |
DLCO (% predicted) (≥ 80 vs < 80%) | 4.50 (2.76–7.34) | 0.000 | 1.37 (0.73–2.58) | 0.323 |
FVC/DLCO (≥ 0.41 vs < 0.41 l/mmol/min/kPa) | 3.33 (2.16–5.13) | 0.000 | 2.05 (1.19–3.53) | 0.009 |
Hypertension (yes vs no) | 1.47 (1.02–2.24) | 0.041 | 1.65 (1.09–2.49) | 0.017 |
Diabetes (yes vs no) | 1.07 (0.54–2.11) | 0.840 |  |  |
Coronary heart disease (yes vs no) | 1.51 (1.02–2.24) | 0.038 | 1.13 (0.74–1.73) | 0.572 |
Pulmonary hypertension (yes vs no) | 2.87 (1.97–4.17) | 0.000 | 1.68 (1.12–2.53) | 0.012 |
SABD (yes vs no) | 1.70 (0.70–4.16) | 0.245 |  |  |
ICS/LABA (yes vs no) | 0.86 (0.57–1.29) | 0.461 |  |  |
ICS/LABA + LAMA (yes vs no) | 0.69 (0.45–1.05) | 0.083 |  |  |
LAMA (yes vs no) | 1.40 (0.95–2.04) | 0.086 |  |  |
pH (≥ 7.4 vs < 7.4) | 0.62 (0.42–0.93) | 0.020 | 0.91 (0.57–1.45) | 0.686 |
PaO2 (≥ 60 vs < 60 mmHg) | 2.76 (1.88–4.06) | 0.000 | 1.27 (0.81–2.00) | 0.306 |
PaCO2 (≥ 50 vs < 50 mmHg) | 3.34 (2.04–5.45) | 0.000 | 2.02 (1.08–3.78) | 0.028 |
Neutrophil count (per increase of 1 × 109/L) | 1.09 (1.02–1.16) | 0.014 | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | 0.404 |
Albumin (per increase of 1 standard deviation g/L) | 0.89 (0.85–0.93) | 0.000 | 0.93 (0.89–0.97) | 0.002 |
ALT (per increase of 1 standard deviation IU/L) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.983 |  |  |
Cystatin C (per increase of 1standard deviation mg/L) | 2.36 (1.30–4.29) | 0.005 | 1.22 (0.62–2.38) | 0.569 |
D-dimer (per increase of 1standard deviation ng/mL) | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.476 |  |  |