Comparison of insulin resistance indices in predicting albuminuria among patients with type 2 diabetes

Table 1 Demographic and metabolic characteristics of participants stratified by albuminuria

Characteristics	with Albuminuria	without Albuminuria	P.value
Characteristics	N = 526	N = 2408	P.value
Age (year)	56.50 ± 9.68	56.28 ± 10.83	0.68
Female n (%)	249 (47.1%)	1305 (54.2%)	< 0.004
BMI^a	30.01 ± 4.86	29.54 ± 4.76	0.041
BP^b Systolic (mmHg)	134.67 ± 18.62	137.50 ± 49.71	0.075
BP^b Diastolic (mmHg)	81.62 ± 9.17	79.35 ± 9.23	< 0.001
FBS (mg/dl)^c	182.39 ± 60.34	160.83 ± 58.70	< 0.001
2hpp (mg/dl)^d	263.86 ± 93.98	218.77 ± 82.88	< 0.001
HbA1c (%)^e	8.32 ± 1.67	7.64 ± 1.54	< 0.001
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	192.23 ± 50.97	179.38 ± 44.59	< 0.001
HDL-C (mg/dl)^f	44.41 ± 12.310	45.08 ± 11.096	0.49
LDL-C (mg/dl)^g	111.64 ± 69.36	101.5 ± 34.36	< 0.001
TG (mg/dl)^h	207.34 ± 137.70	175.17 ± 99.60	< 0.001
non-HDL-C (mg/dl)	148.43 ± 49.84	143.61 ± 42.11	0.074
eGFR (ml/min)ⁱ	93.75 ± 29.28	91.59 ± 25.22	0.118
Waist circumference (cm)	101.52 ± 9.89	99.29 ± 9.60	< 0.001
Cardiovascular disease (%)	140 (26.7%)	530 (22.0%)	< 0.02
Hypertension (%)	285 (54.2%)	1009 (41.9%)	< 0.001
Retinopathy (%)	128 (24.4%)	222 (9.2%)	< 0.001
Duration of diabetes (years)	11.54 ± 7.69	9.54 ± 7.00	< 0.001
TyG^j	9.64 ± 0.69	9.37 ± 0.63	< 0.001
LAP^k	94.54 ± 72.90	76.05 ± 49.13	< 0.001
VAI^l	8.50 ± 7.50	7.13 ± 5.10	< 0.001
HOMA-IR^m	4.55 ± 2.72	3.79 ± 2.32	< 0.001
Lipid-lowering agents (%)
NO medication (%)	204 (38.8%)	685 (28.5%)
User of Fibrate (%)	20 (3.8%)	75 (3.1%)	< 0.001
User of Statin (%)	302 (57.4%)	1648 (68.4%)
Antihypertensive agents (%)	285 (54.2%)	1009 (41.9%)	< 0.001

^aBody mass index, ^bBlood pressure, ^cFasting blood sugar, ^d2-hour postprandial glucose, ^eHemoglobin A1c, ^fHigh-density lipoprotein, ^gLow-density lipoprotein, ^hTriglycerides, ⁱEstimated glomerular filtration rate, ^jTriglyceride-glucose, ^kLipid Accumulation Product, ^IVisceral Adiposity Index, ^mHomeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance

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