Table 1 Demographic characteristics of Tibetan residents by sex: anthropometric data, education, living altitude, risk factors for COPD, smoking status, respiratory symptoms, and CAT score
Total | Male | Female | |
|---|---|---|---|
N | 3702 (100) | 1828 (49.4) | 1874 (50.6) |
Age—years | 39.0 (13.9) | 37.3 (13.7) | 40.6 (13.9) |
BMI—kg/m2 | 24.1 (4.0) | 23.9 (3.7) | 24.3 (4.3) |
Risk factors for COPD | |||
Smoking history—no. (%) | 928 (25.1) | 806 (44.1) | 122 (6.5) |
History of tuberculosis—no. (%) | 193 (5.2) | 88 (4.8) | 105 (5.6) |
Household air pollutiona—no. (%) | 2249 (60.8) | 992 (54.3) | 1257 (67.1) |
Exposure to dust or chemicals at workplacea—no. (%) | 122 (3.3) | 60 (3.3) | 62 (3.3) |
Respiratory symptom | |||
Frequent cougha—no. (%) | 481 (13.0) | 250 (13.7) | 231 (12.3) |
Sputuma—no. (%) | 466 (12.6) | 284 (15.5) | 182 (9.7) |
Recurrent wheezinga—no. (%) | 152 (4.1) | 57 (3.1) | 95 (5.1) |
Dyspnea in daily lifea—no. (%) | 1047 (28.3) | 457 (25.0) | 590 (31.5) |
At least one of the abovea—no. (%) | 1471 (39.7) | 713 (39.0) | 758 (40.4) |
CAT scorea | |||
< 10—no. (%) | 696 (18.8) | 349 (19.1) | 347 (18.5) |
≥ 10—no. (%) | 2908 (78.6) | 1435 (78.5) | 1473 (78.6) |
Spirometry—% of predicted | |||
Post-FEV1 | 106.5 (24.8) | 103.1 (22.4) | 109.8 (26.5) |
Post-FVC | 105.5 (26.3) | 101.8 (21.9) | 109.2 (29.6) |
Post-FEV1/FVCb | 84.5 (9.9) | 84.8 (10.2) | 84.3 (9.6) |
Post-MMEFa | 82.5 (34.5) | 85.5 (35.1) | 79.5 (33.8) |
Post-FEF 50%a | 98.7 (34.5) | 104.0 (35.4) | 93.5 (32.9) |
Post-FEF 75%a | 105.9 (53.1) | 110.3 (53.6) | 101.5 (52.3) |