Skip to main content

Table 1 Patient characteristics

From: Comparison of the cytokine adsorption ability in continuous renal replacement therapy using polyethyleneimine-coated polyacrylonitrile (AN69ST) or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) hemofilters: a pilot single-center open-label randomized control trial

Variable

AN69ST

PMMA

P valuea

(n = 26)

(n = 26)

Age, years

69.5 (63.3–74.0)

71.5 (63.3–77.3)

0.83

Sex, male

19 (73.0)

19 (73.0)

1.00

Comorbidity

   

 Hypertension

12 (46.2)

13 (50.0)

0.78

 Diabetes

9 (34.6)

8 (30.8)

0.77

 Chronic heart failure

2 (7.7)

0 (0.0)

0.24

 Coronary artery disease

3 (11.5)

1 (3.8)

0.61

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

1 (3.8)

2 (7.7)

1.00

 Chronic liver disease

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 

KDIGO stage

  

0.76

 Non-AKIb

4 (15.4)

3 (11.5)

 Stage 1

7 (26.9)

8 (30.8)

 Stage 2

3 (11.5)

3 (11.5)

 Stage 3

12 (46.2)

12 (46.2)

 Prior dialysis due to ESKD

6 (23.1)

4 (15.4)

0.50

Septic shock

6 (23.1)

5 (19.2)

0.74

Source of infection

  

0.96

 Respiratory

13 (50.0)

12 (46.2)

 Intraabdominal

8 (30.8)

10 (38.5)

 Skin and soft tissue

3 (11.5)

2 (7.7)

 Urinary

0 (0)

0 (0.0)

 Others

2 (7.7)

2 (7.7)

Microorganisms isolated/or positively identified

  

 G( +)

2 (7.7)

5 (19.2)

0.42

 G(−)

4 (15.4)

4 (15.4)

1.00

 G( +) and G(−)

8 (30.8)

2 (7.7)

0.08

 SARS-CoV-2

7 (26.9)

7 (26.9)

1.00

 Others

5 (19.2)

3 (11.5)

0.70

 Not detected and unknown

4 (15.4)

6 (23.1)

0.73

Laboratory test results on admission

   

 WBC, × 109 counts/L

9.4 (6.6–14.3)

10.3 (7.6–17.5)

0.39

 Plt, × 109 counts/L

26.9 (10.2–115.3)

47.4 (15.4–152.5)

0.44

 T-bil, mg/dL

1.1 (0.6–2.6)

0.8 (0.6–1.3)

0.18

 Cr, mg/dL

2.1 (1.5–2.9)

2.6 (1.0–5.2)

0.67

 Lac, mg/dL

26.0 (13.8–61.5)

14.7 (11.2–33.6)

0.09

 CRP, mg/dL

10.0 (7.2–18.8)

10.8 (4.4–21.2)

0.84

 PCT, ng/mL

2.7 (1.3–10.9)

7.0 (0.3–45.1)

0.88

 Mechanical ventilation

22 (84.6)

22 (84.6)

1.00

 PaO2/FIO2 ratio

134.3 (88.8–315.8)

145.5 (102.2–249.0)

0.73

 VAI

17.9 (5.5–35.2)

6.1 (0–31.1)

0.07

 APACHE II score

26.0 (18.3–28.8)

19.5 (18.0–24.8)

0.09

 SOFA score

12.0 (10.3–15.0)

8.5 (7.0–12.8)

 < 0.01

Anticoagulant used for CRRT

  

1.00

 Heparin

2 (7.7)

1 (3.8)

 Nafamostat mesylate

24 (92.3)

25 (96.2)

Baseline cytokine levelsc

   

 HMGB1, ng/mL

3.6 (2.0–5.5)

3.1 (1.9–6.6)

0.88

 TNF-α, pg/mL

2.9 (1.3–6.7)

2.8 (1.3–5.6)

0.79

 IL-6, pg/mL

1736.2 (584.0–16,407.0)

1369.4 (303.4–3791.8)

0.48

 IL-8, pg/mL

73.2 (26.8–518.2)

61.4 (34.2–357.1)

0.80

 IL-10, pg/mL

34.1 (14.0–142.1)

47.1 (25.9–149.9)

0.24

 IL-18, pg/mL

868.6 (553.1–1286.8)

637.6 (516.5–1390.2)

0.62

 MIG, pg/mL

76.8 (46.9–238.8)

107.1 (41.7–438.6)

0.52

 MIP-1α, pg/mL

146.5 (72.2–323.8)

149.6 (65.2–242.3)

0.60

CRRT prescribed

   

 Blood flow rate, mL/min

80 (80–80)

80 (80–80)

0.57

 Ultrafiltrate flow rate, mL/h

300 (300–318)

300 (300–314)

0.71

 Dialysate flow rate, mL/h

500 (500–500)

500 (500–500)

0.23

CRRT filter life time

   

 1st filter, h

17.0 (8.7–22.8)

13.3 (4.1–27.7)

0.66

 2nd filter, h

9.7 (3.2–18.3)

12.6 (3.5–21.3)

0.43

 Number of filter exchanges within 24 h

1 (0–1.3)

1 (0–1)

0.72

Time window within which blood samples and filtrates were drawn

 2–6 h, h

2.2 (2.0–3.0)

2.3 (2.0–3.3)

0.89

 12–24 h, h

14.8 (13.7–18.4)

14.7 (12.4–19.2)

0.98

  1. Data are given as medians and interquartile ranges or n (%)
  2. AN69ST polyethyleneimine-coated polyacrylonitrile, PMMA polymethylmethacrylate, IQR interquartile range, KDIGO Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes, ESKD end-stage renal failure, AKI acute kidney injury, G( +) Gram-positive infection, G(−) Gram-negative infection, SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, WBC white blood cell, Plt platelet, T-bil total bilirubin, Cr creatinine, Lac serum lactic acid, CRP C-reactive protein, PCT procalcitonin, PaO2/FIO2 partial pressure of arterial oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen, VAI vasopressor index, APACHE acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, HMGB1 high-mobility group box 1, TNF tumor necrosis factor, IL interleukin, MIG monokine induced by interferon-γ, MIP-1α macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha
  3. aWilcoxon test or χ2 test
  4. bAll non-AKI patients had coronavirus disease 2019-related sepsis
  5. cSamples were at the inlet of the hemofilter 2–6 h after initiating CRRT
Back to article page

European Journal of Medical Research

ISSN: 2047-783X

Contact us