Table 1 Basics features of the included literature
Author | Year | Region | Type of Research | Number of participants | Number of cases | Study population | HR(95% CI) | Confounding factors for adjustment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yun B [16] | 2022 | Korea | RC | 161673 | 7083 | HBV-infected patients | 0.83 (0.75–0.93) | Age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cirrhosis, antivirals, metformin, statin, smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity |
Singh J [17] | 2022 | USA | RC | 521 | 45 | Liver cirrhosis | 0.266 (0.094–0.755) | Age, sex, and CTP in the multivariable model |
Won- Mook Choi [18] | 2021 | Korea | RC | 32695 | 6539 | HBV-infected patients | 0.81 (0.80–0.82) | Age, gender, socioeconomic status, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, ALT, and combination medication |
Vicki Wing-Ki Hu [19] | 2021 | Hong Kong | RC | 35111 | 1557 | HBV-infected patients | 0.60 (0.46–0.78) | Age, gender, cirrhosis, hypertension, renal replacement therapy, creatinine, diabetes mellitus, platelet, albumin, total bilirubin, ALT, HBeAg +  |
Simon,T.G [20] | 2020 | Sweden | PC | 50275 | 1612 | HBV and HCV infected patients | 0.69 (0.62–0.76) | Gender, consecutive years since diagnosis of hepatitis B or C, severity of liver disease, use of antiviral therapy, presence or absence of diabetes, hypertension, obesity or alcohol abuse, misuse, and use of insulin, metformin and statins |
Shin,S [21] | 2020 | Korea | RC | 949 | 133 | Alcoholic cirrhosis | 0.13 (0.08–0.21) | Age, gender, Child–Pugh score, MELD score, AST, ALT, albumin, total bilirubin, creatinine, INR and platelet count |
Liao YH [22] | 2020 | Taiwan | RC | 3822 | 278 | HCV- infected patients | 0.56 (0.43–0.72) | Gender, age, hypertension, diabetes, moderate to severe liver disease, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, ischemic stroke, antihypertensives, hypoglycemic agents, coumarins and heparins, other antithrombotic drugs and NSAIDs |
Lee,T.Y [23] | 2020 | Taiwan | RC | 7434 | 436 | HCV- infected patients | 0.78 (0.64–0.95) | Age, gender, cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, hyperlipidemia, statin use and interferon therapy |
Sung JJ [24] | 2020 | Hong Kong | RC | 138966 | 751 | General population | 0.66 (0.59–0.74) | Age, gender, other medications (including H2 antagonists, statins, NSAIDs, and anticoagulants), comorbidities (coronary artery disease, stroke) |
Lee,T.Y [25] | 2019 | Taiwan | RC | 10615 | 697 | HBV-infected patients | 0.71 (0.58–0.86) | Age, gender, cirrhosis, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, statin use, metformin use, and nucleic acid analogue use |
Simon,T.G [6] | 2018 | USA | PC | 133371 | 108 | General population | 0.51 (0.34–0.77) | Gender, age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking status, physical activity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, regular use of multivitamins, antidiabetic drugs, statins, routine use of non-aspirin NSAIDs |
Hwang,I.C [26] | 2018 | Korea | RC | 460755 | 2336 | General population | 0.87 (0.77–0.98) | Age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, concomitant medication, blood pressure category, fasting glucose and total cholesterol, socioeconomic status, and CCI |
Ho CM- HBV [27] | 2018 | Taiwan | RC | 7724 | 552 | HBV-infected patients | 0.82 (0.67–1.01) | Gender, age, low income, cirrhosis, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, malignancies other than hepatocellular carcinoma, COPD, ESRD, transplantation, alcohol consumption, and concomitant use of ACEIs/ARBs, metformin, and statins |
Ho CM- HCV [27] | 2018 | Taiwan | RC | 7873 | 503 | HCV- infected patients | 0.55 (0.23–1.28) | Gender, age, low income, cirrhosis, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, malignancies other than hepatocellular carcinoma, COPD, ESRD, transplantation, alcohol consumption, and concomitant use of ACEIs/ARBs, metformin, and statins |
Tseng CH [28] | 2018 | Taiwan | RC | 43800 | 1750 | Patients with type 2 diabetes | 0.83 (0.69–0.99) | Age, sex, occupation and area of residence, major comorbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity), diabetes-related complications, use of antidiabetic medications (insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, acarbose, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone), potential risk factors for cancer (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tobacco abuse, alcohol-related diagnoses, gallstones, history of Helicobacter pylori infection, EB virus-related diagnoses, hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis C virus infection, cirrhosis and other chronic non-alcoholic liver disease) and medications commonly used or that may affect cancer risk in patients with diabetes (ACEI/ARB, calcium channel blockers, statins, betablockers and aspirin) |
Lin YS [29] | 2018 | Taiwan | RC | 18243 | 110 | HNSCC | 0.67 (0.42–1.08) | Age, gender, urbanization, coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and COX2 and statin use |
Lee, M [30] | 2017 | Korea | RC | 1674 | 63 | HBV-infected patients | 0.28 (0.11–0.75) | Age, sex, diabetes, cirrhosis, Child–Pugh score, MELD score, HBeAg, ALT, albumin, total bilirubin, Scr, PT and platelet count |
Lee, T.Y [31] | 2017 | Taiwan | RC | 18080 | 41 | NAFLD | 0.70 (0.37–1.36) | Age, gender, ALT elevation, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, gout, statin use, metformin use |
Petrick, J.L [32] | 2015 | USA | PC | 1084133 | 679 | General population | 0.63 (0.50–0.78) | Gender, age, race, cohort, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption |