Table 1 Study characteristics, including body sites, sample types, diseases, funding and data availability

Abate, Ambrosio [34]

Uganda

2015

Uganda, Kenya, Italy, United Kingdom, USA

Jaw, abdomen, neck

Biopsies

Burkitt lymphoma

Italian Association for Cancer Research, Programma Strategico, Steward Foundation, NIH

Yes

PRJNA292327

20

Ansari-Pour, Zheng [23]

Nigeria

2021

Nigeria, U.K., USA, Singapore, Spain

Breast

Biopsies

Breast cancer

NIH, Susan G. Komen for the Cure, Breast Cancer Research Foundation

Yes

phs001687.v1.p1

97

Chama, Amadi [35]

Zambia

2019

Zambia, USA, U.K

Intestine

Biopsies

Enteropathy

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

No

N/A

27

Cummings, Bakamutumaho [25]

Uganda

2022

Uganda, USA

Blood

Blood

Sepsis

National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH

Yes

PRJNA794277

128

Duffy, Du [36]

Tanzania

2021

Tanzania, USA, Switzerland

Blood

Blood

Malaria

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

N/A

N/A

33

Dupnik, Reust [37]

Tanzania

2018

Tanzania, USA, Netherlands

Blood

Blood

Schistosomiasis

NIH

N/A

N/A

33

Estévez, Anibarro [38]

Mozambique

2020

Mozambique, Spain, UK

Blood

Blood

Tuberculosis

EU Horizon2020 Eliciting Mucosal Immunity in Tuberculosis, Xunta de Galicia Grupo DE referencia Competitiva 2016, Spanish Ministry of Education

Yes

E-MTAB-7830

N/A

Fedoriw, Selitsky [39]

Malawi

2020

Malawi, USA

N/A

Biopsies

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

NIH

N/A

N/A

32

Fisher, Smith [40]

South Africa

2015

South Africa, USA

Blood

Blood

HIV

University of California, San Diego, Center for AIDS Research sub award, Polio Research Foundation, National Health Laboratory Research Trust (South Africa), NIH

N/A

N/A

15

Hatem, Hjort [41]

Tanzania

2022

Tanzania, Denmark, Finland

Blood

Blood

Anemia

Danish Council for Strategic Research

Upon request

N/A

50

Mahady, Kanabar [42]

Nigeria

2021

Nigeria, USA

Blood

Colon

Colon cancer

First Analysis Institute of Integrative Studies, Regenstein Foundation

N/A

N/A

Kaymaz, Oduor [29]

Kenya

2017

Kenya, USA

Abdomen, Jaw

Fine needle aspirates

Burkitt lymphoma

NIH, The Thrasher Research Fund, Turkish Ministry of National Education

N/A

N/A

28

Kelly, Amadi [43]

Zambia

2021

Zambia, USA

Mucous

Biopsies

Environmental enteropathy

N/A

Yes

GEO 162630

27

Lai, Cortes [44]

South Africa

2021

South Africa, UK

Throat

Sputum

Tuberculosis

UK Medical Research Council, Cancer Research UK, Wellcome Trust

Yes

PRJEB10919

26

Popescu, Tembo [45]

Malawi

2020

Malawi, Canada, USA, Uganda

Blood

Blood

Sepsis

Grand Challenges Canada

N/A

N/A

18

Lidenge, Kossenkov [46]

Tanzania, Zambia

2020

Tanzania, Zambia, USA

Skin

Biopsies

Kaposi's sarcoma

NIH

Yes

GSE147704

24

Liu, Speranza [47]

Guinea

2017

UK, US, Germany, France, Guinea, Belgium

Blood

Blood

Ebola virus disease

NIH

Yes

PRJNA352396

128

Lombardo, Coffey [48]

Uganda

2017

USA, Ghana, Uganda

Mandible

Biopsies

Burkitt lymphoma

NIH

Yes

SRP099346

19

Mulindwa, Matovu [49]

Uganda

2020

Uganda, Germany

Spinal cord

Blood, spinal fluid

Trypanosomiasis

Deutsche Forschunggemeinschaft Germany–Africa project, AAS-Wellcome trust grant

Yes

E-MTAB-5293, E-MTAB-5294

9

Panea, Love [50]

Kenya

2019

Kenya, USA, Tanzania, Poland, China, Germany, Canada

N/A

Biopsies

Burkitt lymphoma

N/A

Yes

EGAS00001003778

32

Wichers, Tonkin-Hill [51]

Sudan

2021

Germany, UK, Malawi, Australia, Denmark

Blood

Blood

Malaria

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Danish Council for Independent Research, Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung TTU Malaria, National Health and Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust

Yes

PRJNA679547

32

Vlasova-St Louis, Musubire [52]

Uganda

2021

Uganda, USA

Blood

Blood

Cryptococcal meningitis

NIH

Yes

GSE162914

68

Tso, Kossenkov [53]

Tanzania, Zambia

2018

Tanzania, Zambia, USA

N/A

Biopsies

Kaposi's sarcoma

NIH

Yes

GSE100684

N/A

Tran, Jones [54]

Mali

2016

Netherlands, Mali, USA, Qatar

Blood

Blood

Malaria

NIH

N/A

N/A

8

Silterra, Gillette [55]

Mozambique

2017

Mozambique, Spain, USA

Blood

Blood

Pneumonia Syndrome

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

N/A

N/A

68

Schmitz, Young [56]

Uganda

2012

Uganda, USA, The Netherlands, Germany, Canada, Spain, Norway, UK

N/A

Biopsies

Burkitt lymphoma

NIH

N/A

N/A

13

Rothen, Murie [57]

Tanzania

2018

Tanzania, Switzerland, USA

Blood

Blood

Malaria

NIH

Yes

GSE97158

10

Rose, Bruce [58]

Uganda

2018

Uganda, USA

N/A

Biopsies

Kaposi’s sarcoma

NIH

Yes

GSE116160

41