New-onset and relapsed Graves’ disease following COVID-19 vaccination: a comprehensive review of reported cases

Table 2 Age of subjects and the onset time of GD-related symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination according to the gender of patients

GD	Gender	No	Age (years, mean ± SD)	Number of cases with disease onset after 1st dose (%)	Onset time of symptoms after 1st dose (days; Median, min–max)	Reference	Number of cases with disease onset after 2nd dose (%)	Onset time of symptoms after 2nd dose (days; Median, min–max)	Reference
New-onset GD	F	33	44.55 ± 13.73^a	18/33 (62.0)^{b, c, d, f}	7 (1–50)^{a, c, d, f}	[32, 34,35,36, 40, 42, 44, 48, 55, 57, 59, 60]	11/33 (38.0)^{b, c, d, f}	13 (1–60)^{b, c, d, f}	[32, 35, 41, 43, 45, 53, 54, 57]
	M	14	41.14 ± 13.73^a	6/12 (50.0)^{b, d}	14 (5–21)^{a, d}	[46, 50, 51, 58, 60, 61]	6/12 (50.0)^{b, d}	12.5 (2–28)^{a, d}	[34, 38, 39, 49, 56, 58]
	Total	47	43.53 ± 13.75^a	24/41 (58.5)^{b, c, d, f}	8.5 (1–50)^{a, c, d, f}	[32, 34, 35, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 51, 55, 58,59,60,61]	17/41 (41.5)^{b, c, d, f}	13 (1–60)^{a, c, d, f}	[32, 34, 35, 38, 39, 41, 43, 45, 49, 53, 54, 56,57,58]
Relapsed GD	F	12	39.75 ± 17.42^a	6/8 (75.0)^{b, c, e}	8.5 (5–21)^{a, d, e, f}	[34, 35, 61, 62]	2/8 (25.0)^{b, c, e}	26.5 (25–28)^{a, d, e, f}	[35, 37]
	M	3	47.33 ± 12.58^a	2/3 (66.7)^b	17.5 (14–21)^a	[35, 57]	1/3 (33.3)^b	30	[34]
	Total	15	41.27 ± 16.46^a	8/11 (72.7)^{b, c, e}	12 (5–21)^{a, d, e, f}	[34, 35, 57, 62, 63]	3/11 (27.3)^{b, c, e}	28 (25–30)^{a, d, e, f}	[34, 35, 37]

^a The age was presented as the mean ± SD, while the onset time was expressed as the median (min–max)
^b The percentages were calculated individually according to gender and the onset time of symptoms
^c One female patient, who had received two doses of the COVID-19 inactivated vaccine followed by one dose of the mRNA vaccine, developed symptoms two days after mRNA vaccination. That patient was therefore excluded
^d Seven patients—five females and two males—were asymptomatic after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, yet hyperthyroidism was found through routine thyroid function tests. Those patients were therefore excluded
^e One female patient, who had received two doses of the COVID-19 inactivated vaccine followed by one dose of the viral vector vaccine, developed symptoms four days after mRNA vaccination. That patient was therefore excluded
^f One female patient who remained asymptomatic following the COVID-19 viral vector vaccination was found with hyperthyroidism by routine thyroid function tests. That patient was therefore excluded
GD Graves’ disease, COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019, F female, M male

ISSN: 2047-783X