Table 1 Summary of characteristics of included studies
From: COVID and depression among stratified population groups: a narrative review
S. no. | Author (reference) | Year | Region | Group | Sample size | Depression (%) | Type of study | Mode of study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Abu-Elenin | 2021 | Egypt | Healthcare workers | 237 | 43.8 | Cross-sectional | Online |
2. | Adu et al. | 2021 | Ghana | Adult population | 1068 | 12.3 | Cross-sectional | Online |
3. | Ahmed et al. | 2021 | Egypt | General population, Health care workers | 524 | 69, 66.4 | Cross-sectional | Online |
4. | AlHadi et al. | 2021 | Saudi Arabia | General population | 3032 | 20.9 | Cross-sectional | Online |
5. | Ames-Guerrero | 2021 | Peru | General population | 434 | Â | Cross-sectional | Online |
6. | Antiporta et al. | 2021 | Peru | Adult residents | 57446 | 61.4 | Cross-sectional | Online |
7. | Azizi et al. | 2021 | Iran | Healthcare workers | 7626 | 44.8 | Cross-sectional | Online |
8. . | Bai et al. | 2022 | China | Parents | 746 | Â | Cross-sectional | Online |
9. | Baran et al. | 2021 | Â | Mothers | 130 | Â | Cross-sectional | Online |
10. | Basutkar et al. | 2021 | Ooty | Pregnant women | 60 | 86.7 | Observational study | Direct interaction |
11. | Betini et al. | 2021 | Canada | Adults | 3127 |  > 30 | Longitudinal study | Online |
12. | Beutel et al. | 2021 | Germany | General population | 2503 |  > 11.6 | Longitudinal study | Face-to-face survey |
13. | Chiu et al. | 2022 | Hong Kong | Older adults | 236 | 56 | Cross-sectional | Online, hardcopy questionnaire, Telephonic interview |
14. | Colak et al. | 2021 | Turkey | Pregnant women | 149 | Â | Cross-sectional | Direct interaction |
15. | Couughenor et al. | 2021 | U.S | College students | 194 | Â | Longitudinal study | Electronic newspaper |
16. | Czysz et al. | 2021 | Â | Adults | 308 | Â | Longitudinal study | REDCap electronic data capture system |
17. | Fang et al. | 2021 | China | Healthcare workers | 511 | Â | Cross-sectional | Direct interaction |
18. | Fodjo et al. | 2021 | Cameroon | General population | 7381 | 8.4 | Cross-sectional | Online |
19. | Fruehwirth et al. | 2021 | University in North Carolina | First year college students | 419 | 31.7 | Longitudinal study | Â |
20. | Fu et al. | 2021 | China | Medical staff | 7413 | 27.65 | Cross-sectional | Online |
21. | Fukase et al. | 2021 | Japan | General population | 2708 | 18.35 | Cross-sectional | Online |
22. | Ghio et al | 2021 | Italy | Health workers | 731 | 62 | Cross-sectional | Online |
23. | Gildner et al. | 2020 | United States | Pregnant women | 1856 | Â | Cross-sectional | Online |
24. | Giusti et al. | 2021 | Italian University | Students | 203 | Upto 23.6 | Cross-sectional | Online |
25. | Grumi et al. | 2021 | Northan Italy | Pregnant mothers | 281 | 26 | Cross-sectional | Online |
26. | Gundogmus et al. | 2021 | Turkey | Healthcare workers | 2460 | Â | Cross-sectional | Online |
27. | Guo et al. | 2021 | Shaanxi province of China | Undergraduate students | 1278 | Upto 9.6 | Cross-sectional | Questionnaire method |
28. | Hamaideh et al. | 2021 | Jordanian university | Students | 1380 | 78.7 | Cross-sectional | Online |
29. | Herbert et al. | 2021 | Egypt/Germany | University students | 220 | 51.82 | Cross-sectional | Online |
30. | Ho-Fung et al. | 2022 | Sweden | Pregnant women | 470 | 43.2 | Cross-sectional | Online |
31. | Hollenstein et al. | 2021 | Â | Mothers and Adolescent children | 155 and 146 | Â | Longitudinal | Direct interaction and online |
32. | Hou et al. | 2021 | China | Rural Adolescents | 826 | 77.6 | Cross-sectional | Direct interaction |
33. | Hou et al. | 2021 | Hong Kong | General population | 4011 | Â | Cross-sectional | Telephonic interviews |
34. | Islam et al. | 2020 | Bangladesh | University students | 476 | 15 | Cross-sectional | Online |
35. | Islam et al. | 2021 | Bangladesh | General population | 13654 | 43.5 | Cross-sectional | Online |
36. | Jeelani et al. | 2022 | Indian Kashmir valley | School-going adolescents | 426 | 16 | Cross-sectional | Online |
37. | Khademian et al. | 2021 | Iran | General population | 1498 | 47.9 | Cross-sectional | Online |
38. | Khames et al. | 2021 | Â | Pregnant women | 120 | Â | Cross-sectional | Questionnaire method |
39. | Khonsari et al. | 2021 | Iran | Health care workers | 938 | Â | Cross-sectional | Online |
40. | Kim et al. | 2021 | South Korea | General population | 1500 | 20.9 | Cross-sectional | Online |
41. | Knolle et al. | 2021 | Germany and Uk | General population | 541, 241 | Â | Cross-sectional | Online |
42. | Krampe et al. | 2021 | Norwegian and German-speaking population | General population | 1225, 1527 | Â | Cross-sectional | Online |
43. | Lee et al. | 2021 | US | College students | 200 | 59.8 | Cross-sectional | Online |
44. | Lee et al. | 2022 | First Nations people of Canada | General population | 95 | 18 | Cross-sectional | Questionnaire method |
45. | Lin et al. | 2021 | Shenzhen, China | Pregnant women | 751 | 12.3 | Cross-sectional | Online |
46. | Liu et al | 2021 | China | Students and their parents | 1550 | Â | Cross-sectional | Online |
47. | Liu and Wang | 2021 | China | Adolescents | 617 | Â | Cross-sectional | Online |
48. | Liu et al. | 2021 | China | Medical Students | 29663 | Â | Cross-sectional | Online |
49. | Magnavita et al. | 2021 | Central Italy | Frontline Workers | 153 | 60 | Cross-sectional | Online |
50. | Maharlouei et al. | 2021 | Southwest of Iran | Pregnant mothers | 540 | Â | Cross-sectional | Online |
51. | Marthoenis et al. | 2021 | Indonesia | Nurses | 491 | 8.5 | Cross-sectional | Online |
52. | Mistry et al. | 2021 | Bangladesh | Older adults | 1032 | Â | Cross-sectional | Telephonic interview |
53. | Morin et al. | 2021 | International- 13 countries and 4 continents | General population | 22330 | 23.1 | Â | Online |
54. | Noguchi et al. | 2021 | Japan | Older adults | 957 | Â | Cross-sectional | Mailed questionnaire |
55. | Nomura et al. | 2021 | Japan | University students | 2712 | Â | Cross-sectional | Institutional email |
56. | Oh et al. | 2021 | US | College students | 36875 | Upto 32.68 | Cross-sectional | Online |
57. | Perera et al. | 2021 | Sri Lanka | Healthcare professionals | 512 | 53.3 | Cross-sectional | Online |
58. | Pizarro-Ruiz et al. | 2021 | Spain | Children and adolescents | 590 | Â | Cross-sectional | Online |
59. | Qi et al. | 2021 | Â | General population | 1171 | 22.6 | Cross-sectional | Online |
60. | Rouhbksh et al. | 2021 | Tehran | Health Care Workers | 306 | 36.6 | Cross-sectional | Questionnaire method |
61. | Schindler et al. | 2021 | Germany | Medical students | 63 | Â | Longitudinal | Questionnaire method |
62. | Schmits et al. | 2021 | Â | Students in Higher education | 23307 | 55.1 | Cross-sectional | Online |
63. | Shahriarirad et al. | 2021 | Iran | General population | 8591 | Â | Cross-sectional | Online |
64. | Shehata et al. | 2021 | Egypt | Young adults | 283 | Upto 14.1 | Cross-sectional | Online |
65. | Simon et al. | 2021 | Austrian | Adults | 560 | Â | Cross-sectional | Online |
66. | Smallwood et al. | 2021 | Australia | Frontline workers | 7846 | 57.3 | Cross-sectional | Online |
67. | Soltan et al. | 2021 | Egypt | Medical students | 282 | 75.2 | Cross-sectional | Online |
68. | Srifuengfung et al. | 2021 | Thailand | Older adults | 200 | 7 | Cross-sectional | Direct interaction |
69. | Sun et al. | 2021 | Wuhan, China | Parents | 1187 | 13.82 | Cross-sectional | Questionnaire method |
70. | Sunjaya et al. | 2021 | Indonesia | Health care personnel | 544 | 22.8 | Cross-sectional | Online |
71. | Tasnim et al. | 2021 | Bangladesh | Frontline healthcare workers | 803 | 39.5 | Cross-sectional | Online |
72. | Van den Heuvel et al. | 2022 | Dutch | Parents | 681 | 6.4–14.5 | Cross-sectional | Online |
73. | Villani et al. | 2021 | Italian university | Students | 501 | 72.93 | Cross-sectional | Online |
74. | Wang et al. | 2021 | Chain and Spain | General population | 1528 | Â | Cross-sectional | Online |
75. | Wang et al. | 2021 | Shenzhen, China | General population | 1674 | Â | Case-controlled study | Online |
76. | Wang et al. | 2021 | Â | Frontline nurses | 498 | 50.90 | Cross-sectional | Online |
77. | Wang et al. | 2021 | Zhejiang Province, China | Adolescents | 6435 | 17.7 | Cross-sectional | Online |
78. | Wang et al. | 2021 | Three provinces (Heilongjiang, Henan, and Fujian) of China | Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and normal | 1764 & 4962 | 21.7–31 | Cross-sectional | Online |
79. | Watkins-Martin et al. | 2021 | Canada | General population | 1039 | 6.1–8.2 | Longitudinal | Questionnaire method |
80. | Wu et al. | 2021 | China | Young adolescents | 1825 | Â | Longitudinal | Â |
81. | Yang et al. | 2021 | China | Epidemic prevention workers | 1136 | 39.7 | Cross-sectional | Online |
82. | Yee et al. | 2021 | Malaysia | General population | 528 | 28.2 | Cross-sectional | Online |
83. | Yigitoglu et al. | 2021 | Turkey | Healthcare staff | 435 | Â | Cross-sectional | Direct interaction |
84. | Zhang et al. | 2021 | China | Adolescents | 90, 107 | 36 | Cross-sectional | Direct interaction |
85. | Zhang et al. | 2021 | Brazil | General population | 482 | 70.3 | Cross-sectional | Online |
86. | Zhou et al. | 2021 | China | Pregnant women | 1266 | 41.63 | Cross-sectional | Questionnaire method |
87. | Zhu et al. | 2021 | China | Nursing students | 342 | 56.4 | Cross-sectional | Online |