Table 5 Analyses of subgroups and interaction tests

Gender

Adjusted β (95% CI)

–

–

–

–

–

Male

34.75 (− 0.44, 69.93)

 − 0.99 (− 10.07, 8.08)

3.43 (− 8.97, 15.83)

 − 0.12 (− 5.22, 4.97)

0.08 (− 0.22, 0.37)

0.42 (− 0.19, 1.03)

Female

36.71 (− 0.49, 73.90)

11.97 (2.50, 21.44)*

15.74 (3.09, 28.40)*

7.24 (1.97, 12.51)**

0.36 (0.07, 0.66)*

1.01 (0.37, 1.65)**

P-interaction

0.939

0.052

0.171

0.048

0.172

0.187

Age group

 20–39 years

62.94 (18.72, 107.17)**

5.93 (− 5.38, 17.24)

17.50 (2.25, 32.75)*

7.99 (1.88, 14.10)**

0.55 (0.16, 0.94)**

1.38 (0.61, 2.16)***

 40–59 years

 − 1.46 (− 43.05, 40.12)

9.02 (− 1.91, 19.94)

7.85 (− 6.97, 22.67)

4.53 (− 1.60, 10.66)

0.27 (− 0.09, 0.62)

0.44 (− 0.31, 1.18)

 60–80 years

21.42 (− 21.80, 64.63)

 − 5.39 (− 16.41, 5.62)

 − 12.56 (− 27.31, 2.19)

 − 5.30 (− 11.46, 0.87)

 − 0.23 (− 0.55, 0.08)

 − 0.36 (− 1.09, 0.36)

 P-interaction

0.107

0.156

0.016

0.025

0.006

0.005

BMI (kg/m²)

 18–24.9

30.73 (− 19.56, 81.03)

 − 2.28 (− 14.57, 10.01)

 − 5.26 (− 21.53, 11.01)

 − 1.79 (− 8.51, 4.93)

 − 0.12 (− 0.51, 0.26)

 − 0.10 (− 0.94, 0.73)

 25–29.9

39.78 (− 2.11, 81.67)

 − 3.47 (− 14.18, 7.24)

 − 1.21 (− 16.07, 13.64)

 − 2.17 (− 8.26, 3.92)

 − 0.06 (− 0.41, 0.29)

0.17 (− 0.59, 0.93)

 ≥ 30

0.24 (− 39.40, 39.89)

15.91 (5.41, 26.40)**

15.97 (1.83, 30.10)*

8.72 (2.83, 14.61)**

0.51 (0.18, 0.83)**

1.05 (0.36, 1.73)**

 P-interaction

0.368

0.019

0.103

0.017

0.018

0.074