Fig. 2
From: Research progress on the GRP78 gene in the diagnosis, treatment and immunity of cervical cancer
GRP78 contains the KDEL ER localization signal, and it exists in the ER in its intracellular form. GRP78 is a key participant in the unfolded protein response (UPR), and its ATP-binding domain plays a crucial role in promoting the correct folding of proteins, which is beneficial to cell survival under stress conditions. When ER stress occurs continuously, GRP78 activates PERK, IREα and ATF6, which induces apoptotic inflammation, leading to cell death