Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to different mDBP24h levels
Total n = 1251 | mDBP24h < 50 mmHg n = 67 | mDBP24h 50–60 mmHg n = 386 | mDBP24h 60–70 mmHg n = 512 | mDBP24h 70–80 mmHg n = 238 | mDBP24h ≥ 80 mmHg n = 48 | P-value | χ2/H | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, median (IQR) | 68.0 (55.0–78.0) | 76.0 (67.583.5) | 74.0 (66.0–82.0) | 65.0 (54.0–75.3) | 62.0 (51.0–72.0) | 50.5 (42.8–58.0) | 0.255 | 5.326 |
Gender, Male, n (%) | 845 (67.5) | 41 (61.2) | 246 (63.7) | 340 (66.4) | 182 (76.5) | 36 (75.0) | 0.007 | 13.964 |
APACHE II score, median (IQR) | 19.0 (14.0–25.0) | 23.0 (15.5–29.5) | 20.0 (16.0–27.0) | 18.0 (13.0–24.0) | 19.5 (14.0–25.0) | 15.5 (12.3–22.0) | 0.006 | 14.298 |
SOFA score, median (IQR) | 8.0 (5.0–10.0) | 10.0 (6.0–12.8) | 8.0 (6.0–10.0) | 8.0 (5.0–10.0) | 8.0 (5.0–10.0) | 6.0 (4.0–9.0) | 0.410 | 5.426 |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||||
Hypertension | 657 (52.5) | 43 (64.2) | 220 (57.0) | 247 (48.2) | 116 (48.7) | 31 (64.6) | 0.005 | 14.674 |
Diabetes mellitus | 336 (26.9) | 23 (34.3) | 108 (28.0) | 141 (27.5) | 52 (21.8) | 12 (25.0) | 0.249 | 5.396 |
Chronic congestive heart failure | 237 (18.9) | 17 (25.4) | 88 (22.8) | 87 (17.0) | 39 (16.4) | 1 (2.1) | 0.002 | 16.852 |
Coronary heart disease | 206 (16.5) | 16 (23.9) | 79 (20.5) | 74 (14.5) | 36 (15.1) | 6 (12.5) | 0.056 | 9.212 |
Chronic renal failure | 93 (7.4) | 7 (10.4) | 38 (9.8) | 30 (5.9) | 10 (4.2) | 8 (16.7) | 0.004 | 15.548 |
COPD | 86 (6.9) | 5 (7.5) | 31 (8.0) | 27 (5.3) | 22 (9.2) | 1 (2.1) | 0.153 | 6.701 |
Cirrhosis | 25 (2.0) | 3 (4.5) | 12 (3.1) | 7 (1.4) | 2 (0.8) | 1 (2.1) | 0.125 | 7.206 |
Cancer (Solid tumor) | 237 (18.9) | 9 (13.4) | 96 (24.9) | 94 (18.4) | 33 (13.9) | 5 (10.4) | 0.002 | 16.538 |
Source of infection, n (%) | ||||||||
Lung | 634 (50.7) | 29 (43.3) | 190 (49.2) | 258 (50.4) | 129 (54.2) | 28 (58.3) | 0.390 | 4.117 |
Abdomen | 415 (33.2) | 25 (37.3) | 137 (35.5) | 167 (32.6) | 74 (31.1) | 11 (22.9) | 0.371 | 4.270 |
Blood | 47 (3.8) | 4 (6.0) | 18 (4.7) | 19 (3.7) | 6 (2.5) | 0 | 0.317 | 4.724 |
Skin | 34 (2.7) | 1 (1.5) | 10 (2.6) | 14 (2.7) | 7 (2.9) | 2 (4.2) | 0.934 | 0.831 |
Urinary tract | 89 (7.1) | 5 (7.5) | 23 (6.0) | 40 (7.8) | 17 (7.1) | 5 (10.4) | 0.749 | 1.931 |
Others | 30 (2.4) | 2 (3.0) | 8 (2.1) | 13 (2.5) | 5 (2.1) | 2 (4.2) | 0.902 | 1.048 |
Hemodynamic variables, median (IQR) | ||||||||
mSBP24h (mmHg) | 123.0 (116.6–131.1) | 119.7 (112.9–124.5) | 120.9 (114.7–128.0) | 122.8 (116.1–130.3) | 127.6 (121.6–134.2) | 136.7 (129.2–145.8) | < 0.001 | 129.296 |
mDBP24h (mmHg) | 63.3 (57.6–69.3) | 47.3 (43.6–48.8) | 56.3 (54.0–58.4) | 64.7 (62.5–67.1) | 73.2 (71.5–75.7) | 84.2 (81.6–87.4) | < 0.001 | 1127.930 |
mMAP24h (mmHg) | 83.1 (78.1–88.4) | 70.1 (68.5–72.8) | 77.7 (75.4–79.9) | 84.1 (81.6–86.8) | 91.6 (89.0–94.6) | 102.1 (99.1–105.6) | < 0.001 | 884.859 |
mHR24h (beats per minute) | 94.6 (83.0–105.8) | 91.9 (72.8–102.9) | 91.8 (81.3–103.3) | 95.3 (84.1–105.9) | 98.0 (86.6–110.2) | 96.3 (86.4–105.7) | < 0.001 | 24.695 |
mCVP24h (mmHg) | 8.2 (6.6–10.2) | 7.4 (5.9–10.2) | 8.2 (6.8–10.1) | 8.2 (6.5–10.2) | 8.5 (6.7–10.5) | 8.7 (7.0–11.6) | 0.551 | 3.042 |
Vasoactive drugs | ||||||||
Dopamine, n (%) | 139 (11.1) | 11 (16.4) | 45 (11.7) | 53 (10.4) | 27 (11.3) | 3 (6.3) | 0.480 | 3.488 |
Dobutamine, n (%) | 135 (10.8) | 8 (11.9) | 45 (11.7) | 9 (1.8) | 23 (9.7) | 1 (2.1) | < 0.001 | 42.034 |
Norepinephrine, n (%) | 979 (78.3) | 55 (82.1) | 316 (81.9) | 395 (77.1) | 185 (77.7) | 28 (58.3) | 0.005 | 14.847 |
Epinephrine, n (%) | 91 (7.3) | 10 (14.9) | 27 (7.0) | 42 (8.2) | 10 (4.2) | 2 (4.2) | 0.032 | 10.533 |
Vasopressin, n (%) | 31 (2.5) | 1 (1.5) | 9 (2.3) | 12 (2.3) | 7 (2.9) | 2 (4.2) | 0.891 | 1.119 |
VIS, median (IQR) | 35.5 (17.6–70.6) | 37.4 (17.4–79.4) | 35.7 (18.8–69.7) | 35.7 (18.4–77.3) | 33.3 (16.7–58.3) | 25.0 (15.3–44.6) | 0.054 | 9.303 |
Intravenous fluid administereda (ml), median (IQR) | 3937.2 (2968.5–5081.2) | 4010.1 (3098.3–5195.7) | 3944.1 (3014.0–5097.0) | 3996.4 (3074.8–5127.0) | 3684.6 (2730.0–4865.5) | 3578.8 (2295.9–4656.9) | 0.910 | 0.999 |
Arterial blood gas analysis, median (IQR) | ||||||||
PH | 7.3 (7.3–7.4) | 7.4 (7.3–7.4) | 7.3 (7.3–7.4) | 7.3 (7.3–7.4) | 7.4 (7.3–7.4) | 7.4 (7.3–7.4) | 0.038 | 10.135 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.5 (1.5–2.9) | 2.5 (1.8–4.9) | 2.5 (1.8–4.1) | 2.6 (1.8–3.9) | 2.4 (1.7–3.7) | 2.1 (1.4–3.5) | 0.232 | 5.590 |
Serum creatinine (mmol/L) | 104.0 (72.0–185.8) | 134.0 (83.5–226.0) | 116.0 (80.5–195.0) | 95.0 (68.0–169.0) | 96.0 (62.3–158.5) | 83.0 (62.0–132.0) | 0.026 | 11.051 |
Length of stay in ICU (days), median (IQR) | 8.3 (3.9–15.7) | 6.7 (2.7–11.0) | 7.4 (3.6–15.5) | 8.0 (3.9–14.8) | 10.7 (5.0–17.7) | 9.6 (5.0–14.9) | 0.157 | 6.633 |
Length of stay in Hospital (days), median (IQR) | 17.6 (9.9–28.2) | 12.8 (6.9–26.9) | 16.9 (9.4–28.9) | 18.4 (10.4–27.5) | 18.2 (11.5–30.1) | 18.4 (9.7–30.0) | 0.013 | 12.585 |
Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 894 (71.5) | 47 (70.1) | 293 (75.9) | 367 (71.7) | 159 (66.6) | 28 (58.3) | 0.034 | 10.394 |
CRRT, n (%) | 312 (24.9) | 27 (40.3) | 99 (25.6) | 118 (23.0) | 56 (23.5) | 12 (25.0) | 0.044 | 9.779 |