Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the two groups of patients
Characteristic | Total (n = 57) | Control group (n = 29) | Intervention group (n = 28) |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 67.32 ± 8.56 | 66.48 ± 9.89 | 68.18 ± 6.99 |
Gender, n (%) | |||
 Male | 52 (91.2%) | 25 (86.2%) | 27 (96.4%) |
 Female | 5 (8.8%) | 4 (13.8%) | 1 (3.6%) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.20 ± 3.80 | 22.08 ± 3.08 | 22.33 ± 4.48 |
Course of smoking (year) | 32.96 ± 16.67 | 29.0 ± 18.70 | 37.04 ± 13.38 |
Current smokers, n (%) | 22 (38.6%) | 11 (37.9%) | 11 (39.3%) |
Pack-years | 40 (20, 60) | 30 (9.00, 55.00) | 40 (30.00, 60.00) |
More than 10 pack-year, n (%) | 48 (84.2%) | 22 (75.9%) | 26 (92.9%) |
Years diagnosed with COPD (year) | 10 (6, 14) | 10.0 (7.0, 20.0) | 10.0 (6.0, 10.0) |
Goddard score | 9.11 ± 2.88 | 9.34 ± 2.61 | 8.86 ± 3.16 |
Emphysema, n (%) | 47 (82.5%) | 23 (79.3%) | 24 (85.7%) |
GOLD grade, n (%) | |||
 II | 9 (15.8%) | 5 (17.2%) | 4 (14.3%) |
 III | 30 (52.6%) | 15 (51.7%) | 15 (53.6%) |
 IV | 18 (31.6%) | 9 (31%) | 9 (32.1%) |
Number of exacerbation in the past 12Â months | 3 (3, 4) | 3 (2.5, 5) | 3 (3, 4) |
2 times, n (%) | 13 (22.8%) | 7 (24.1%) | 6 (21.4%) |
3 times, n (%) | 18 (31.6%) | 8 (27.6%) | 10 (35.7%) |
More than 3 times, n (%) | 26 (45.6%) | 14 (48.3%) | 12 (42.9%) |
Number of hospitalization for COPD exacerbation in the past 12Â months | 2 (2, 3) | 2 (2, 3) | 2 (2, 3) |
Once, n (%) | 3 (5.3%) | 2 (6.9%) | 1 (3.6%) |
2–3 times, n (%) | 49 (86%) | 23 (79.3%) | 26 (92.9%) |
More than 3 times, n (%) | 5 (8.8%) | 4 (13.8%) | 1 (3.6%) |
Comorbidity, n (%) | 20 (35.1%) | 12 (41.4%) | 8 (28.6%) |
Hypertension n (%) | 14 (24.6%) | 8 (27.6%) | 6 (21.4%) |
Diabetes (%) | 7 (12.3%) | 3 (10.3%) | 4 (14.3%) |
Coronary heart disease (%) | 7 (12.3%) | 4 (13.8%) | 3 (10.7%) |
Inhalation therapy | |||
 LABA/LAMA/ICS, % (n) | 57 (100%) | 29 (100%) | 28 (100%) |
Lung function | |||
 FEV1 (L) | 0.91 ± 0.41 | 0.93 ± 047 | 0.88 ± 0.34 |
 FEV1 (%, predicted) | 36.08 ± 12.34 | 37.52 ± 13.90 | 34.60 ± 10.54 |
 FVC (L) | 1.86 ± 0.55 | 1.85 ± 0.59 | 1.87 ± 0.51 |
 FEV1/FVC (%) | 48.22 ± 13.36 | 49.61 ± 15.68 | 46.77 ± 10.54 |
mMRC score | 2.96 ± 0.68 | 3.03 ± 0.73 | 2.89 ± 0.63 |
6MWT (m) | 248.60 ± 63.50 | 243.10 ± 75.29 | 254.29 ± 49.18 |
COPD Assessment Test | 27.81 ± 3.9 | 27.93 ± 3.45 | 27.68 ± 4.51 |
Medium impact, n (%) | 1 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.6%) |
High impact, n (%) | 45 (78.9%) | 25 (86.2%) | 20 (71.4%) |
Very high impact, n (%) | 11 (19.3%) | 4 (13.8%) | 7 (25%) |
FeNO (ppb) | 31.96 ± 12.56 | 34.38 ± 12.54 | 29.46 ± 12.30 |
Peripheral eosinophil count (× 109/L) | 0.22 ± 0.18 | 0.27 ± 0.20 | 0.17 ± 0.15 |
Percentage of blood eosinophils (%) | 2.50 (1.05, 4.55) | 2.90 (1.50, 4.80) | 1.90 (0.40, 4.35) |