Causal relationship between sarcopenia and osteoarthritis: a bi-directional two-sample mendelian randomized study

Table 3 MR estimates from different methods of assessing the causal effect of knee and hip osteoarthritis on sarcopenia

Exposures	Outcomes	No. of IVs	Heterogeneity test	MR-egger	MR results	Beta/OR (95% CI)	p
Exposures	Outcomes	No. of IVs	Cochran’s q (p)	Intercept (p)	Method	Beta/OR (95% CI)	p
KOA	GS	15	77.246 (< 0.001)	− 0.023 (0.491)	IVW	1.077 (0.886,1.309)	0.458
					MR-egger	1.104 (0.956,1.275)	0.429
					WM	1.175 (1.026, 1.349)	0.019
					PRESSO (0)	1.077 (0.886,1.309)	0.458
KOA	ALM	13	59.001 (< 0.001)	0.003 (0.799)	IVW	0.004	0.892
					MR-egger	0.058	0.789
					WM	− 0.027	0.168
					PRESSO (3)	0.019	0.107
HOA	GS	22	59.120 (< 0.001)	− 0.009 (0.380)	IVW	1.106 (1.023,1.196)	0.012
					MR-egger	1.231 (0.962,1.557)	0.113
					WM	1.035 (0.961,1.113)	0.365
					PRESSO (4)	1.038 (0.981,1.099)	0.209
HOA	ALM	13	76.162 (< 0.001)	0.002(0.713)	IVW	− 0.015	0.451
					MR-egger	− 0.042	0.579
					WM	− 0.004	0.772
					PRESSO (4)	− 0.017	0.196

MR Mendelian randomization, IVs instrumental variables, GS grip strength, KOA knee osteoarthritis, HOA hip osteoarthritis, ALM appendicular lean mass, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, IVW inverse variance weighted, WM weighted median, PRESSO Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier

ISSN: 2047-783X