Table 1 Different categories of OIP [1, 10, 11, 64,65,66]
From: Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor: new advances in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment
Clinical classification | Typical clinical features | Imaging characters | Pathological features |
|---|---|---|---|
Lacrimal gland | Local pain, tenderness, eyelid swelling | Enlargement of the lacrimal gland, periglandular tissue inflammatory reaction | Infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells, fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia |
Sclera and adjacent tissue | Orbital pain, swollen eyelid, inflammation | Enlargement of the scleral uveal rim, blurring of the sclera margin and adjacent tissues | – |
Extraocular muscles | Painful and restricted eye movement, diplopia | Diffuse enlargement of the extraocular muscles with blurred edges, especially the medial rectus | Muscle fiber expansion, mild endomysial fibrosis |
Optic nerve sheath | Loss of visual, decreased color vision associate with pain | Enlarged optic nerve sheath, indistinct borders, and surrounding fatty infiltration | – |