Table 1 The role of SNHG6 in various cancer hallmarks

Autophagy

↓UKL1, ↓ATF3, ↓ATG13

↓miR-26a-5p, ↑UKL1

↓miR-186

↑Autophagy

Modulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

Poor prognosis

↑Pro-tumor effects in osteosarcoma

↑Chemoresistance against 5FU in colorectal cancer cells

↑Chemoresistance against paclitaxel in prostate cancer cells

Potential diagnostic/prognostic marker

[61,62,63,64,65]

Metabolic rewiring

directly interacts with hnRNPA1

↑alternative splicing of PKM

↑PKM2, ↑PKM1

↑ aerobic glycolysis

↑ Alteration metabolism in colorectal cancer cells

↑ Tumorigenesis

Potential target for metabolic-based cancer therapies

[71, 72]

Angiogenesis

↑angiogenesis

influences tumor migration, invasion, metastasis, EMT

↑chemoresistance

↑Development and spread of malignancies

Alters malignant cell cycle, ↓apoptosis, allowing for cancer cell survival

Potential target for anti-angiogenic cancer therapies

[73, 75, 76, 104]

Apoptosis, metastasis, selective growth, proliferation

↓various tumor suppressor miRNAs: ↓miR-26a, ↓miR-26b, ↓miR-214

regulates multiple signaling pathways: ERK3/MAPK6, VASP, JAK2, Hedgehog, via increasing miRNA sponging influences gene expression: ↑UPF1, ↑E2F5,↑ ETS1

↑cell proliferation, ↑EMT

↓apoptosis

↑drug resistance by interacting with miRNAs (↑ miR-186 in prostate cancer cells)

Broad influence over multiple hallmarks of cancer

↑Cell growth, ↑Metastasis

Potential as a therapeutic target, though further investigation is needed to understand its context-dependent roles

Complexity suggests involvement in drug resistance and possible prognostic value

[49, 64, 78, 80, 83, 103, 106,107,108]