Table 1 Baseline information according to tertiles of RC
RC | Q1 (< 0.25) n = 2457 | Q2 (0.25–0.52) n = 2464 | Q3 (> 0.52) n = 2550 | P for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 50 ± 15 | 51 ± 16 | 51 ± 14 |  < 0.001 |
Male sex | 1071 (43.59%) | 1134 (46.02%) | 1360 (53.33%) |  < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.43 ± 3.16 | 23.27 ± 3.43 | 24.69 ± 3.52 |  < 0.001 |
Residence | 0.006 | |||
Urban | 1692 (68.86%) | 1642 (66.64%) | 1662 (65.18%) | Â |
Rural | 765 (31.14%) | 822 (33.36%) | 888 (34.82%) | Â |
High school and above | 542 (22.06%) | 600 (24.35%) | 640 (25.10%) | 0.012 |
Smoking | 708 (28.82%) | 739 (29.99%) | 908 (35.61%) |  < 0.001 |
Alcohol consumption | 660 (26.86%) | 634 (25.73%) | 805 (31.57%) |  < 0.001 |
Uric acid (μmol/L) | 274.64 ± 79.84 | 298.73 ± 84.03 | 364.08 ± 129.64 |  < 0.001 |
Hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.00 (0.00–2.00) | 1.00 (0.00–2.00) | 2.00 (1.00–3.00) |  < 0.001 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 85.81 ± 16.44 | 88.82 ± 30.71 | 89.01 ± 16.65 |  < 0.001 |
eGFR (ml/min/m2) | 80.38 ± 16.84 | 78.47 ± 17.31 | 78.26 ± 16.54 |  < 0.001 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.57 ± 0.34 | 1.41 ± 0.32 | 1.19 ± 0.30 |  < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.97 ± 0.88 | 2.99 ± 0.93 | 2.83 ± 0.98 |  < 0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 0.93 ± 0.50 | 1.35 ± 0.67 | 2.98 ± 1.94 |  < 0.001 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.68 ± 0.94 | 4.77 ± 0.98 | 5.11 ± 1.04 |  < 0.001 |
RC (mmol/L) | 0.14 (0.08–0.19) | 0.36 (0.30–0.43) | 0.85 (0.65–1.21) |  < 0.001 |
HOMA-IR | 2.87 ± 6.27 | 3.44 ± 5.67 | 5.35 ± 10.07 |  < 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.50 ± 0.72 | 5.59 ± 0.84 | 5.78 ± 1.06 |  < 0.001 |
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.12 ± 1.03 | 5.31 ± 1.24 | 5.87 ± 1.98 |  < 0.001 |
Insulin (uIU/mL) | 11.85 ± 20.59 | 13.71 ± 18.27 | 18.64 ± 28.99 |  < 0.001 |
Protein intake (g) | 61.91(49.44–77.28) | 61.95(49.91–77.39) | 63.73(50.77–79.44) | 0.004 |
Carbohydrate intake (g) | 296.92 ± 104.20 | 291.95 ± 98.92 | 291.54 ± 99.86 | 0.113 |
Fat intake (g) | 67.70(48.23–992.26) | 70.10(50.06–94.01) | 70.58(49.96–95.19) | 0.052 |
Daily energy intake (kcal) | 2124.48 ± 654.85 | 2125.74 ± 658.21 | 2142.24 ± 669.24 | 0.567 |
Physical activity | 1716(69.8%) | 1710(69.4%) | 1711(67.1%) | 0.079 |
MetS | 214 (8.71%) | 454 (18.43%) | 1180 (46.27%) |  < 0.001 |
Abdominal obesity | 856 (34.84%) | 1073 (43.55%) | 1432 (56.16%) |  < 0.001 |
Elevated triglyceride | 91 (3.70%) | 429 (17.41%) | 2105 (82.55%) |  < 0.001 |
Reduced HDL-C | 256 (10.42%) | 550 (22.32%) | 1174 (46.04%) |  < 0.001 |
Raised blood pressure | 870 (35.41%) | 1009 (40.95%) | 1271 (49.84%) |  < 0.001 |
Abnormal glucose metabolism | 470 (19.13%) | 624 (25.32%) | 1021 (40.04%) |  < 0.001 |