Association between remnant cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease: post hoc analysis of a prospective national cohort study

Table 7 OR (95% CIs) for MetS (WHO criterion) of different tertiles of RC and covariates

Variable	Univariate OR (95% CI)	P-value	Multivariate OR (95% CI)	P-value
RC
Q1 (< 0.25)	Ref.		Ref.
Q2 (0.25–0.52)	2.52 (2.11–3.02)	< 0.001	2.54 (2.12–3.05)	< 0.001
Q3 (> 0.52)	8.15 (6.92–9.65)	< 0.001	8.86 (7.49–10.53)	< 0.001
Each 1 tertile increase in RC	2.94 (2.72–3.18)	< 0.001	3.07 (2.84–3.35)	< 0.001
Age (years)	1.03 (1.03–1.04)	< 0.001	1.04 (1.03–1.04)	< 0.001
Sex	0.80 (0.72–0.89)	< 0.001	0.65 (0.55–0.77)	< 0.001
Education	0.73 (0.64–0.83)	< 0.001	0.89 (0.75–1.05)	0.157
Rural residence	1.00 (0.89–1.12)	0.944	0.86 (0.75–0.98)	0.028
Smoking	0.91 (0.81–1.03)	0.122	0.98 (0.83–0.16)	0.832
Drinking	0.92 (0.81–1.04)	0.178	1.17 (0.99–1.38)	0.060
Protein intake (g)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.450	1.01 (1.00–1.01)	0.012
Carbohydrate intake (g)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	< 0.001	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.778
Fat intake (g)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.729	1.00 (0.99–1.01)	0.939
Daily energy intake (kcal)	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.0136	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.888
Physical activity	1.05 (0.94–1.18)	0.397	0.98 (0.85–1.13)	0.805

WHO criterion: insulin resistance (defined as type 2 DM or impaired fasting glucose (> 100 mg/dl) or impaired glucose tolerance) plus two of the following: (1) abdominal obesity (waist-to-hip ratio > 0.9 in men or > 0.85 in women, or BMI > 30 kg/m², (2) triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, and/or HDL-C < 40 mg/dL in men or < 50 mg/dL in women, (3) systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg, (4) microalbuminuria (urinary albumin secretion rate ≥ 20 μg/min, or albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g). Data were shown as OR (95%CI) which was evaluated using logistic regression models
OR odd ratio, RC remnant cholesterol, 95% CI 95% confidence interval

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