Fig. 1

Boxplot visualization of ANOVA post hoc analysis: sNfL levels are differentially elevated in different treatment groups. Log[sNfL] (sNfL, log₁₀-transformed) is elevated in mechanically ventilated ARDS-ICU patients (abbreviated as ICU) with COVID-19 and is even higher elevated in mechanically ventilated ARDS-ICU patients of other causes than COVID-19 (abbreviated as ARDS), compared to patients receiving treatment on a regular ward with either nasal cannula oxygen supply (abbreviated as NAC) or non-invasive/high-flow therapy (abbreviated as High flow) * p-value < 0.05; ** p-value < 0.01