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Table 1 Retrospective case series of adverse events during or following WBC

From: Evaluating safety risks of whole-body cryotherapy/cryostimulation (WBC): a scoping review from an international consortium

First author (year)

Number of cases

Preexisting risk factor

Latency of AE onset

Nature of AE

Gravity of AE (grade)

Recovery time

Evidence for causality

Greenwald [22]

1

Neutropenia

A few days

Cold panniculitis

Minor (grade 2)

Several weeks

Possible

Carrard [20]

1

Work-related stress

Right after WBC

Global amnesia

Serious (grade 3)

24 h

Possible

Cronier [23]

1

Ocular migraine

Right after WBC

Cerebral bleeding

Serious (grade 4)

3 months

Probable

Chen [24]

1

None

Right after WBC

Moyamoya synd

Serious (grade 3)

1 month

Probable

Camara [21]

1

Hypertension

One week

Aortic dissection

Serious (grade 4)

2–3 months

Probable

Happe [25]

2

NR

During study

Headache

Minor (grade 1)

NR

Convincing

Hirvonen [26]

4

NR

During study

Discomfort/dizz

Minor (grade 1)

NR

Convincing

Hirvonen [26]

1

NR

During study

Hypertension

Minor (grade 1)

NR

Convincing

Hirvonen [26]

2

NR

During study

Lasting shivering

Minor (grade 1)

NR

Convincing

Hirvonen [26]

1

NR

During study

Headache

Minor (grade 1)

NR

Convincing

Hirvonen [26]

1

NR

During study

Urticaria

Minor (grade 1)

NR

Convincing

  1. AE adverse events, NR not reported, moyamoya synd. moyamoya syndrome, discomfort/dizz. discomfort/dizzines