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Table 2 Comparisons of baseline demographics and clinical characteristics between adult-onset and juvenile-onset non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis*

From: Comparison of clinical characteristics between adult-onset and juvenile-onset non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis in Chinese patients: results from the COCAS cohort

Parameter

 

Adult onset

(n = 662)

Juvenile onset

(n = 114)

P†

Male

 

357 (53.9)

76 (66.7)

0.011

Age at disease onset, (yrs), Median (IQR)

 

23.0 (10.0)

13.5 (3.0)

 < 0.001#

Age at first visit, (yrs), Median (IQR)

 

25.0 (12.0)

17.0 (2.3)

 < 0.001#

Baseline disease duration, (yrs), Median (IQR)

 

1.6 (3.5)

4.0 (4.0)

 < 0.001#

HLA-B27 positive

 

475 (71.8)

85 (74.6)

0.537

Family history of SpA

 

102 (15.4)

27 (23.7)

0.028

Initial symptoms

Axial

392 (59.2)

43 (37.7)

 < 0.001

Peripheral

257 (38.8)

69 (60.5)

 < 0.001

Extra-articular

14 (2.1)

2 (1.8)

1.000

Symptom, ever

Axial only

175 (26.4)

19 (16.7)

0.026

Peripheral

487 (73.6)

95 (83.3)

0.026

Lower limbs

321 (48.5)

77 (67.5)

 < 0.001

Upper limbs

144 (21.8)

23 (20.2)

0.705

Extra-articular

66 (10.0)

15 (13.2)

0.304

Spinal pain (baseline), 0–10 NRS, Median (IQR)‡

 

5.0 (2.0)

5.0 (3.0)

0.058#

Patient’s global assessment (baseline), 0–10 NRS, Median (IQR)‡

 

6.0 (2.0)

6.0 (2.0)

0.692#

Pain/swelling peripheral joints (baseline), 0–10 NRS, Median (IQR)‡

 

2.5 (5.0)

5.0 (6.0)

0.012#

Duration of morning stiffness (baseline), 0–10 NRS, Median (IQR)‡

 

1.0 (3.0)

1.0 (3.0)

0.675#

Elevated ESR (baseline)

 

278 (42.0)

50 (43.9)

0.710

Elevated CRP (baseline)

 

260 (39.3)

54 (47.4)

0.104

ASDAS-ESR (baseline), Median (IQR)‡

 

2.7 (1.3)

2.7 (1.3)

0.883#

ASDAS-CRP (baseline), Median (IQR)‡

 

2.7 (1.3)

2.8 (1.3)

0.932#

ASDAS-ESR (baseline) > 2.1‡

 

313 (74.2)

59 (74.7)

0.924

ASDAS-CRP (baseline) > 2.1‡

 

318 (75.4)

59 (74.7)

0.899

Sacroiliac joint radiographic findings

 Bilateral grade 0

 

308 (46.5)

41 (36.0)

0.036

 Unilateral grade 1

 

127 (19.2)

24 (21.1)

0.642

 Unilateral grade 2

 

72 (10.9)

15 (13.2)

0.476

 Bilateral grade 1

 

118 (17.8)

26 (22.8)

0.206

 Combined, unilateral grades 1 and 2

 

37 (5.6)

8 (7.0)

0.547

SIJ-MRI positivity§

 

328 (58.9)

55 (55.6)

0.535

 Bilateral BME lesions

 

198 (60.4)

27 (49.1)

0.116

 Unilateral BME lesions

 

130 (39.6)

28 (50.9)

Medications

 NSAIDs monotherapy

 

326 (49.2)

56 (49.1)

0.981

 NSAIDs + csDMARDs

 

264 (39.9)

49 (43.0)

0.533

 NSAIDs + bDMARDs

 

72 (10.9)

9 (7.9)

0.336

  1. HLA-B27 = human leukocyte antigen B27; SpA = spondyloarthritis; NRS = numerical rating scale; ASDAS = Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score; ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP = C-reactive protein; SIJ-MRI = sacroiliac joint-magnetic resonance imaging; BME = Bone marrow oedema; NSAIDs = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; csDMARDs = conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; bDMARDs = biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
  2. Bold values indicate statistical significance with P value less than 0.05
  3. *Values are the n (%) unless otherwise indicated. † Chi-square test was used to compare adult-onset and juvenile-onset groups unless otherwise indicated
  4. #Mann–Whitney U test
  5. ‡Available in 501 patients (n = 79 for juvenile-onset group and n = 422 for adult-onset group)
  6. §Available in 656 patients (n = 99 for the juvenile-onset group and n = 557 for adult-onset group)
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European Journal of Medical Research

ISSN: 2047-783X

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