Table 2 Clinical researches related to the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination in patients treated with hemodialysis
From: The prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in patients treated with hemodialysis
Author, years | PHD (n) | Control (n) | Intervention | Safety outcome | Efficacy outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Goupil et al.[82], 2021 | 154 | • Healthy control (40) • Convalescent plasma (16) | One dose of BNT162b2 | NA | • A single dose of BNT162b2 vaccine failed to elicit a humoral immune response in most PHD without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection • The antibody response was delayed in PHD with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection |
Zitt et al.[80], 2021 | 50 | NA | Two doses of BNT162b2 | • Most common local reactions: pain at the injection site (38% and 29.2% after the first and second injection, respectively) • Most common systemic reactive events: diarrhea (4% mild, 4% moderate) and fatigue (8% mild) | • Higher age and immunosuppression were associated with lower, calcitriol treatment and prior seroconversion to hepatitis B vaccination with significantly higher antibody concentration • A high immunogenicity in PHD |
Jahn et al. [83], 2021 | 72 | Healthy control (16) | Two doses of BNT162b2 | NA | • PHD under 60 years of age responded equally to healthy controls • The antibody response in PHD negatively correlated with age |
Speer et al. [93], 2021 | 22 | Healthy control (46) | Two doses of BNT162b2 | NA | • A reduced antibody response to the first and second doses of BNT162b2 in PHD • The majority (82%) develop neutralizing antibodies after the second dose but at lower levels than healthy controls |
Raja et al. [100], 2022 | 72 | Healthy control (72) | One dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 | NA | • A weak antibody response to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in PHD • Older age was associated with no responders |
Agur et al. [101], 2022 | 80 | Healthy control (56) | Three doses of BNT162b2 | NA | • A third dose of BNT162b2 substantially improved humoral response in PHD • Baseline antibody level, dialysis therapy, and hypoalbuminemia were independent predictors of impaired antibody response |
Dheir et al. [91], 2022 | 50 | • Kidney transplant recipients (64) • Healthy control (41) | Two doses of CoronaVac | NA | • A negative correlation between antibody seroconversion and age • The antibody response in PHD is almost comparable to healthy controls but kidney transplant patients have a poor response |
Melin et al. [96], 2022 | 50 | NA | Two doses of BNT162b2 | NA | • A third dose of BNT162b2 gives a robust and improved immunological response in PHD |
Espi et al. [92], 2022 | 106 | Healthy control (30) | Two doses of BNT162B2 | NA | • Impaired humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in virus-unexposed PHD |
Gonzalez-Perez et al. [9], 2022 | 39 | Healthy control (92) | • Patients (two doses of mRNA-1273) • Control (two doses of BNT162b2) | NA | • PHD develop strong cellular and humoral immune responses to 1273-mRNA vaccination |
Stumpf et al. [79], 2022 | 1168 | PPD (58) | Two doses of mRNA-1273 or BNT162B2 | • Vaccination-related clinical side effects (fever and arm pain) occurred more often in PPD than in PHD | • No difference in COVID-19 mRNA vaccination-related adaptive immune responses in PPD and PHD |
Puspitasari et al. [102], 2023 | 38 | NA | Two doses of the CoronaVac and booster dose of BNT162b2 | • Most common AE: mild pain at the injection site (55.26%), mild fatigue (10.53%), and swelling at the injection site (10.53%) • No SAE | • A good antibody response to the BNT162b2 booster vaccination in PHD |