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Table 2 All identified causes of death in the causal chain of events in the study cases

From: Determination of causes of adult deaths using minimally invasive tissue sampling in Gandaki province of Nepal: a multicenter hospital-based study

Causes of death

Immediate cause

Antecedent cause

Underlying cause

Total (N = 100)

Frequency (%)

Infectious diseases

    

Bacterial pneumonia

35

31

2

68 (68)

Sepsis

33

2

0

35 (35)

Pulmonary tuberculosis

2

1

2

5 (5)

Bacterial meningitis

3

1

0

4 (4)

Brucellosis

2

0

1

3 (3)

HIV

0

1

1

2 (2)

Typhoid fever

1

0

0

1 (1)

Disseminated cryptococcosis

1

0

0

1 (1)

Hepatitis B

0

1

0

1 (1)

Cardiovascular diseases

    

Atherosclerotic heart disease

5

1

0

6 (6)

Myocardial infarction

2

0

0

2 (2)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

2

0

0

2 (2)

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy

1

0

0

1 (1)

Hypertensive heart disease

0

5

0

5 (5)

Functional disturbances following cardiac surgery

0

1

0

1 (1)

Thromboembolism

0

1

0

1 (1)

Multiple valve diseases

0

0

1

1 (1)

Central nervous system diseases

    

Meningeal hemorrhage

6

0

2

8 (8)

Intracerebral hemorrhage

2

0

0

2 (2)

Cerebral infarction

0

0

1

1 (1)

Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary diseases

    

Alcoholic cirrhosis of liver

0

2

1

3 (3)

Alcoholism

1

1

0

2 (2)

Alcoholic liver disease

0

2

0

2 (2)

Esophageal varices with bleeding

1

0

0

1 (1)

Alcoholic hepatic failure

0

1

0

1 (1)

Cirrhosis of liver

0

1

0

1 (1)

Alcoholic hepatitis

0

0

1

1 (1)

Malignancy

    

Malignant neoplasm of lung

1

0

0

1 (1)

Malignant neoplasm of liver

1

0

0

1 (1)

Malignant neoplasm of pancreas

0

1

0

1 (1)

Malignant neoplasm of uterus

0

0

1

1 (1)

Others

    

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

0

1

0

1 (1)

Acute exacerbation of COPD

0

1

0

1 (1)

Acute renal failure

0

1

0

1 (1)

Extrapyramidal and movement disorder

0

1

0

1 (1)