Table 1 Characteristics of study participants according to each abdominal adiposity group
Characteristics | Groups according to abdominal adiposity level | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VAT | SAT | VSR | |||||||
Normal (VAT < 100cm2) | High (VAT ≥ 100cm2) | p | Normal (SAT < 100cm2) | High (SAT ≥ 100cm2) | p | Normal (VSR < 1) | High (VSR ≥ 1) | p | |
n | 678 | 1762 | 543 | 1897 | 1379 | 1061 | |||
Site of recruitment | 0.0135 | 0.2795 | 0.0287 | ||||||
Site A | 553 (81.6) | 1356 (77.0) | 434 (79.9) | 1475 (77.8) | 1101 (79.8) | 808 (76.2) | |||
Site B | 125 (18.4) | 406 (23.0) | 109 (20.1) | 422 (22.2) | 278 (20.2) | 253 (23.9) | |||
Age (years) | 48.8 (8.2) | 50. 8 (7.8) | < 0.0001 | 51.1 (8.1) | 50.0 (7.9) | 0.0038 | 48.5 (8.0) | 52.5 (7.3) | < 0.0001 |
Smoking | < 0.0001 | 0.2198 | 0.0075 | ||||||
Never | 193 (28.5) | 352 (20.0) | 136 (25.1) | 409 (21.6) | 334 (24.2) | 211 (19.9) | |||
Former-smokers | 246 (36.3) | 785 (44.6) | 219 (40.3) | 812 (42.8) | 549 (39.8) | 482 (45.4) | |||
Current-smokers | 239 (35.2) | 625 (35.5) | 188 (34.6) | 676 (35.6) | 496 (36.0) | 368 (34.7) | |||
Alcohol drinking | 0.0002 | 0.3645 | 0.0002 | ||||||
Never | 117 (17.3) | 221 (12.5) | 81 (14.9) | 257 (13.6) | 220 (16.0) | 118 (11.1) | |||
Former-drinkers | 59 (8.7) | 105 (6.0) | 42 (7.7) | 122 (6.4) | 105 (7.6) | 59 (5.6) | |||
Current-drinkers | 502 (74.0) | 1436 (81.5) | 420 (77.4) | 1518 (80.0) | 1054 (76.4) | 884 (83.3) | |||
Height (cm) | 170.2 (6.1) | 170.7 (5.9) | 0.0864 | 169.1 (5.9) | 171.0 (5.9) | < 0.0001 | 171.2 (6.1) | 169.6 (5.6) | < 0.0001 |
Weight (kg) | 64.7 (7.8) | 74.3 (9.3) | < 0.0001 | 62.6 (6.8) | 74.2 (9.1) | < 0.0001 | 71.8 (10.4) | 71.5 (9.2) | 0.4706 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.3 (2.2) | 25.5 (2.5) | < 0.0001 | 21.9 (2.0) | 25.4 (2.5) | < 0.0001 | 24.4 (3.0) | 24.8 (2.6) | 0.0009 |
WC (cm) | 81.0 (6.1) | 91.1 (6.6) | < 0.0001 | 80.0 (5.8) | 90.7 (6.7) | < 0.0001 | 87.7 (8.3) | 89.1 (7.2) | < 0.0001 |
Physical activity | 0.0052 | 0.0353 | 0.1291 | ||||||
Yes | 391 (57.7) | 905 (51.4) | 310 (57.1) | 986 (52.0) | 751 (54.5) | 545 (51.4) | |||
No | 287 (42.3) | 857 (48.6) | 233 (42.9) | 911 (48.0) | 628 (45.5) | 516 (48.6) | |||
Thyroid hormones | |||||||||
TSH (μIU/mL) | 1.8 (1.1) | 1.8 (1.0) | 0.9422 | 1.8 (1.0) | 1.8 (1.0) | 0.6276 | 1.8 (1.0) | 1.8 (1.1) | 0.7824 |
FT4 (ng/dL) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.2) | 0.0071 | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) | 0.4147 | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 0.1197 |