Association of balance impairment with risk of incident cardiovascular diseases among older adults

Table 2 Association of balance function with incident cardiovascular disease

	Normal (≥ 20 s)	Cautious (10–19 s)	Abnormal (< 10 s)	P for trend
Overall participant, n	88,000	26,186	14,838
Event (%)	6,054 (6.9)	2,190 (8.4)	1,343 (9.1)
Person-year	493,593	156,745	87,162
Incidence/1000 person-year	12.3	14.0	15.4
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (Reference)	1.13 (1.08–1.19)	1.25 (1.18–1.33)	< 0.001
aHR (95% CI)^a	1.00 (Reference)	1.19 (1.13–1.25)	1.34 (1.27–1.43)	< 0.001
aHR (95% CI)^b	1.00 (Reference)	1.14 (1.08–1.19)	1.23 (1.16–1.31)	< 0.001
Obese participant, n	31,538	10,971	7,010
Event (%)	2,291 (7.3)	954 (8.7)	608 (8.7)
Person-year	174,824	64,792	40,868
Incidence/1000 person-year	13.1	14.7	14.9
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (Reference)	1.12 (1.04–1.21)	1.13 (1.04–1.24)	0.002
aHR (95% CI)^a	1.00 (Reference)	1.18 (1.10–1.28)	1.24 (1.13–1.36)	< 0.001
aHR (95% CI)^b	1.00 (Reference)	1.15 (1.07–1.24)	1.17 (1.07–1.28)	< 0.001
Non-obese participant, n	56,462	15,215	7,828
Event (%)	3,763 (6.7)	1,236 (8.1)	735 (9.4)
Person-year	318,769	91,952	46,294
Incidence/1000 person-year	11.8	13.4	15.9
HR (95% CI)	1.00 (Reference)	1.13 (1.06–1.21)	1.34 (1.24–1.45)	< 0.001
(95% CI)^a	1.00 (Reference)	1.17 (1.10–1.25)	1.41 (1.30–1.53)	< 0.001
aHR (95% CI)^b	1.00 (Reference)	1.13 (1.06–1.20)	1.30 (1.20–1.41)	< 0.001

HR calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression
Acronym: HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, aHR adjusted hazard ratio
^aAdjusted for age and sex
^bAdjusted for age, sex, household income, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and Charlson comorbidity index

ISSN: 2047-783X