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Table 3 Association of balance function with incident coronary heart disease and stroke

From: Association of balance impairment with risk of incident cardiovascular diseases among older adults

 

Normal (≥ 20 s)

Cautious (10–19 s)

Abnormal (< 10 s)

P for trend

Coronary heart disease

 HR (95% CI)

1.00 (Reference)

1.13 (1.08–1.19)

1.25 (1.18–1.33)

 < 0.001

 aHR (95% CI)a

1.00 (Reference)

1.19 (1.13–1.25)

1.34 (1.27–1.43)

 < 0.001

 aHR (95% CI)b

1.00 (Reference)

1.14 (1.08–1.19)

1.23 (1.16–1.31)

 < 0.001

Stroke

 HR (95% CI)

1.00 (Reference)

1.17 (1.10–1.24)

1.36 (1.26–1.46)

 < 0.001

 aHR (95% CI)a

1.00 (Reference)

1.20 (1.13–1.28)

1.42 (1.32–1.53)

 < 0.001

 aHR (95% CI)b

1.00 (Reference)

1.16 (1.09–1.24)

1.33 (1.23–1.43)

 < 0.001

  1. HR calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression
  2. Acronym: HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, aHR adjusted hazard ratio
  3. aAdjusted for age and sex
  4. bAdjusted for age, sex, household income, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking, alcohol consumption, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and Charlson comorbidity index